SAP 实施项目中涉及到编程方式操作 Excel 的几种场景介绍
作者：Jerry Wang
- 2022 年 7 月 19 日
本文字数：5420 字
阅读完需：约 18 分钟
本文分享笔者在从事 SAP 项目开发工作中，涉及到的通过编程方式操作 Excel 的业务场景，希望起到抛砖引玉的作用。
使用 Excel 导入数据到 SAP Cloud for Customer 系统
假设要上传 Account 的数据到系统：点 download metadata:
自动 download 一个 zip 下来：
在 folder Templates 里维护要上传的 Account data:
把维护好的 excel 重新打成 zip, upload:
稍后在 monitor 里会观察到成功上传的 task:
看到 import 成功的消息：
UI 上能搜索出这条于 2017-11-14 日创建的 Account：
如何通过 Excel import 的方式导入测试数据到 SAP Commerce Cloud 服务器
登录 SAP Commerce Cloud Administration Cockpit，从下拉菜单里选择 Product Cockpit:
点击这个箭头，打开 product 视图：
点击这个 excel import 按钮：
选择好 excel 和 media.zip 之后，点击 import：
点击这个按钮查看 import 进度：
进到 Backoffice 页面，根据 excel 里的 product id 查看一个 product，确保导入成功：
使用 SAP ABAP 封装的 Office Integration class 访问本地 Excel 文件
先看这个 report 执行的效果：打开本地 1.xlsx excel 文件：
这个 Excel 内容如下：
使用 get_ranges_data 方法，成功读取 Excel 的数据如下：
本例完整代码如下：
REPORT Z_IMPORT.
DATA:oref_container TYPE REF TO cl_gui_custom_container,iref_control TYPE REF TO i_oi_container_control,iref_document TYPE REF TO i_oi_document_proxy,iref_spreadsheet TYPE REF TO i_oi_spreadsheet,iref_error TYPE REF TO i_oi_error.
DATA:v_document_url TYPE c LENGTH 256,i_sheets TYPE soi_sheets_table,wa_sheets TYPE soi_sheets,i_data TYPE soi_generic_table,wa_data TYPE soi_generic_item,i_ranges TYPE soi_range_list,i_total TYPE i,p_cols TYPE i value 2.
PARAMETERS:p_file TYPE localfile OBLIGATORY,p_rows TYPE i DEFAULT 100 OBLIGATORY,p_mode TYPE c AS CHECKBOX.
INITIALIZATION.
CALL METHOD c_oi_container_control_creator=>get_container_control IMPORTING control = iref_control error = iref_error.
IF iref_error->has_failed = 'X'. CALL METHOD iref_error->raise_message EXPORTING type = 'E'. ENDIF.
CREATE OBJECT oref_container EXPORTING* parent = container_name = 'CONTsadasda'* style =* lifetime = lifetime_default* repid =* dynnr =* no_autodef_progid_dynnr = EXCEPTIONS cntl_error = 1 cntl_system_error = 2 create_error = 3 lifetime_error = 4 lifetime_dynpro_dynpro_link = 5 OTHERS = 6. IF sy-subrc <> 0. MESSAGE e001(00) WITH 'Error while creating container'. ENDIF.
CALL METHOD iref_control->init_control EXPORTING* dynpro_nr = SY-DYNNR* gui_container = ' ' inplace_enabled = 'X'* inplace_mode = 0* inplace_resize_documents = ' '* inplace_scroll_documents = ' '* inplace_show_toolbars = 'X'* no_flush = ' '* parent_id = cl_gui_cfw=>dynpro_0 r3_application_name = 'EXCEL CONTAINER'* register_on_close_event = ' '* register_on_custom_event = ' '* rep_id = SY-REPID* shell_style = 1384185856 parent = oref_container* name =* autoalign = 'x' IMPORTING error = iref_error* retcode = EXCEPTIONS javabeannotsupported = 1 OTHERS = 2 . IF iref_error->has_failed = 'X'. CALL METHOD iref_error->raise_message EXPORTING type = 'E'. ENDIF.
CALL METHOD iref_control->get_document_proxy EXPORTING* document_format = 'NATIVE' document_type = soi_doctype_excel_sheet* no_flush = ' '* register_container = ' ' IMPORTING document_proxy = iref_document error = iref_error* retcode = . IF iref_error->has_failed = 'X'. CALL METHOD iref_error->raise_message EXPORTING type = 'E'. ENDIF.
AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON VALUE-REQUEST FOR p_file.
* To provide F4 help for the file PERFORM sub_file_f4.
START-OF-SELECTION.
CONCATENATE 'FILE://' p_file INTO v_document_url.
CALL METHOD iref_document->open_document EXPORTING document_title = 'Excel' document_url = v_document_url* no_flush = ' ' open_inplace = 'X'* open_readonly = ' '* protect_document = ' '* onsave_macro = ' '* startup_macro = ''* user_info = IMPORTING error = iref_error* retcode = . IF iref_error->has_failed = 'X'. CALL METHOD iref_error->raise_message EXPORTING type = 'I'. LEAVE LIST-PROCESSING. ENDIF.
CALL METHOD iref_document->get_spreadsheet_interface EXPORTING no_flush = ' ' IMPORTING error = iref_error sheet_interface = iref_spreadsheet* retcode = .
IF iref_error->has_failed = 'X'. CALL METHOD iref_error->raise_message EXPORTING type = 'I'. LEAVE LIST-PROCESSING. ENDIF.
CALL METHOD iref_spreadsheet->get_sheets EXPORTING no_flush = ' '* updating = -1 IMPORTING sheets = i_sheets error = iref_error* retcode = . IF iref_error->has_failed = 'X'. CALL METHOD iref_error->raise_message EXPORTING type = 'I'. LEAVE LIST-PROCESSING. ENDIF. LOOP AT i_sheets INTO wa_sheets.
CALL METHOD iref_spreadsheet->select_sheet EXPORTING name = wa_sheets-sheet_name* no_flush = ' ' IMPORTING error = iref_error* retcode = . IF iref_error->has_failed = 'X'. EXIT.* call method iref_error->raise_message* exporting* type = 'E'. ENDIF. CALL METHOD iref_spreadsheet->set_selection EXPORTING top = 1 left = 1 rows = p_rows columns = p_cols.
CALL METHOD iref_spreadsheet->insert_range EXPORTING name = 'Test' rows = p_rows columns = p_cols no_flush = '' IMPORTING error = iref_error. IF iref_error->has_failed = 'X'. EXIT.* call method iref_error->raise_message* exporting* type = 'E'. ENDIF.
REFRESH i_data.
CALL METHOD iref_spreadsheet->get_ranges_data EXPORTING* no_flush = ' ' all = 'X'* updating = -1* rangesdef = IMPORTING contents = i_data error = iref_error* retcode = CHANGING ranges = i_ranges . DELETE i_data WHERE value IS INITIAL OR value = space. ULINE. WRITE:/1 wa_sheets-sheet_name COLOR 3. ULINE.
* LOOP AT i_data INTO wa_data.* WRITE:(50) wa_data-value.* AT END OF row.* NEW-LINE.* ENDAT.* ENDLOOP.
ENDLOOP.
CALL METHOD iref_document->close_document* EXPORTING* do_save = ' '* no_flush = ' ' IMPORTING error = iref_error* has_changed =* retcode = . IF iref_error->has_failed = 'X'. CALL METHOD iref_error->raise_message EXPORTING type = 'I'. LEAVE LIST-PROCESSING. ENDIF. CALL METHOD iref_document->release_document* EXPORTING* no_flush = ' ' IMPORTING error = iref_error* retcode = . IF iref_error->has_failed = 'X'. CALL METHOD iref_error->raise_message EXPORTING type = 'I'. LEAVE LIST-PROCESSING. ENDIF.
IF p_mode = 'X'.* DATA: ls_data TYPE ZREPORT,* lt_data TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF ZREPORT,* chaR_index TYPE string,* msg TYPE string.* LOOP AT i_data INTO wa_data.** IF sy-tabix MOD 2 = 1.* char_index = sy-tabix.* ls_data-report_name = wa_data-value.* CONCATENATE 'Index' char_index ls_data-report_name INTO msg SEPARATED BY SPACE.* CALL FUNCTION 'SAPGUI_PROGRESS_INDICATOR'* EXPORTING* TEXT = msg.* ELSE.* ls_data-description = wa_data-value.* APPEND ls_data TO lt_data.* CLEAR: wa_data,ls_data.* ENDIF.* ENDLOOP.* DELETE FROM zreport.* INSERT zreport FROM TABLE lt_data.* COMMIT WORK AND WAIT.* IF sy-subrc = 0.* i_total = lines( lt_data ).* WRITE:/ 'User Assign Row Number:' , p_rows.* WRITE:/ 'Actually Imported Row Numer:' , i_total.* ENDIF.
ENDIF.*&---------------------------------------------------------------------**& Form SUB_FILE_F4*&---------------------------------------------------------------------** F4 help for file path*----------------------------------------------------------------------*FORM sub_file_f4 . DATA: l_desktop TYPE string, l_i_files TYPE filetable, l_wa_files TYPE file_table, l_rcode TYPE int4.
* Finding desktop CALL METHOD cl_gui_frontend_services=>get_desktop_directory CHANGING desktop_directory = l_desktop EXCEPTIONS cntl_error = 1 error_no_gui = 2 not_supported_by_gui = 3 OTHERS = 4. IF sy-subrc <> 0. MESSAGE e001(00) WITH 'Desktop not found'. ENDIF.
* Update View CALL METHOD cl_gui_cfw=>update_view EXCEPTIONS cntl_system_error = 1 cntl_error = 2 OTHERS = 3.
CALL METHOD cl_gui_frontend_services=>file_open_dialog EXPORTING window_title = 'Select Excel file' default_extension = '.xls'* default_filename = file_filter = '.xls'* with_encoding = initial_directory = l_desktop* multiselection = CHANGING file_table = l_i_files rc = l_rcode* user_action =* file_encoding = EXCEPTIONS file_open_dialog_failed = 1 cntl_error = 2 error_no_gui = 3 not_supported_by_gui = 4 OTHERS = 5 . IF sy-subrc <> 0. MESSAGE e001(00) WITH 'Error while opening file'. ENDIF.
READ TABLE l_i_files INDEX 1 INTO l_wa_files. IF sy-subrc = 0. p_file = l_wa_files-filename. ELSE. MESSAGE e001(00) WITH 'Error while opening file'. ENDIF.
ENDFORM. " SUB_FILE_F4
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总结
本文通过三个实际的业务场景，分别介绍了如何通过 Excel 作为载体，导入数据到 SAP Cloud for Customer 和 SAP Commerce Cloud 系统，以及通过 ABAP 编程语言解析 Excel 文件内容的详细技术实现。
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发布于: 刚刚阅读数: 4
版权声明: 本文为 InfoQ 作者【Jerry Wang】的原创文章。
原文链接:【http://xie.infoq.cn/article/96970aaa4a588932f16ac16ab】。文章转载请联系作者。
Jerry Wang
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SAP成都研究院开发专家，SAP社区导师，SAP中国技术大使。2007 年从电子科技大学计算机专业硕士毕业后加入 SAP 成都研究院工作至今。工作中使用 ABAP, Java, JavaScript 和 TypeScript 进行开发。
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