使用 cobbler 安装工具批量安装服务器
生成加密的密码
[root@localhost ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt "$RANDOM" '123456'
4083$9jFt/kdeFNmOe4QlSuV4D.
将新生成的加密密码加入到配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings
.... //此处为省略内容
default_password_crypted: "28958$sq1sJFDX0bZo.H8Q.8NLg0"
..... //此处为省略内容
重启 cobbler
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 :
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 :
LISTEN 0 5 127.0.0.1:25151 :
LISTEN 0 5 *:873 :
LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::443 :::*
LISTEN 0 5 :::873 :::*
通过 cobbler check 核对当前设置是否有问题
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
1 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
2 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them
以上两个是关于 debian 系统的错误，请忽略
配置 cobbler dhcp
修改 cobbler 配置文件，让 cobbler 控制 dhcp
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
.... //此处为省略内容
subnet 192.168.170.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option routers 192.168.170.2; //服务器端的网关
option domain-name-servers 8.8.8.8; //此处为系统安装好后指定的 dns 地址
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
range dynamic-bootp 192.168.170.100 192.168.170.200; 分配的地址池
default-lease-time 21600;
max-lease-time 43200;
next-server $next_server;
.... //此处为省略内容
重启服务并同步配置，改完 dhcp 必须要 sync 同步配置
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2019-08-29_184616_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Thu Aug 29 18:46:16 2019)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/rhel-7-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/01-00-50-56-27-5d-16
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/01-00-50-56-3a-17-d2
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/01-00-50-56-27-5D-16
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/01-00-50-56-3A-17-D2
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel-7-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying files for distro: rhel-7-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel-7-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel-7-x86_64/initrd.img
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/01-00-50-56-3a-17-d2
generating: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/01-00-50-56-3A-17-D2
generating PXE menu structure
copying files for distro: rhel-7-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/rhel-7-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/rhel-7-x86_64/initrd.img
Writing template files for rhel-7-x86_64
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
processing boot_files for distro: rhel-7-x86_64
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout:
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.manage_genders
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
检查 dhcp 是否正常
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -anulp|grep dhcp
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:67 0.0.0.0:* 12692/dhcpd
导入 redhat7 镜像
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom/
mount: /dev/sr0 写保护，将以只读方式挂载
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt/cdrom --name=rhel-7 arch=x86_64
task started: 2019-08-29_171616_import
task started (id=Media import, time=Thu Aug 29 17:16:16 2019)
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7
Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7
Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7:
creating new distro: rhel-7-x86_64
trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/rhel-7-x86_64
creating new profile: rhel-7-x86_64
associating repos
checking for rsync repo(s)
checking for rhn repo(s)
checking for yum repo(s)
starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7 for rhel-7-x86_64
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/repodata/comps.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/repodata
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/addons/HighAvailability
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/addons/HighAvailability
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/addons/HighAvailability/repodata/comps.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/addons/HighAvailability/repodata
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/addons/ResilientStorage
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/addons/ResilientStorage
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/addons/ResilientStorage/repodata/comps.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/addons/ResilientStorage/repodata
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
//说明：
--path //镜像路径
--name //为安装源定义一个名字
--arch //指定安装源平台
安装源的唯一标示就是根据 name 参数来定义，本例导入成功后，安装源的唯一标示就是：CentOS-7-x86_64，如果重复，系统会提示导入失败
查看 cobbler 镜像列表
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler list
distros:
rhel-7-x86_64
profiles:
rhel-7-x86_64
systems:
repos:
images:
mgmtclasses:
packages:
files:
创建 kickstarts 自动安装脚本
[root@localhost ~]# cat > /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/rhel-7-x86_64.ks <<'EOF'
auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
bootloader --location=mbr
clearpart --all --initlabel
part /boot --asprimary --fstype="ext4" --size=500
part swap --fstype="swap" --size=4096
part / --fstype="ext4" --grow --size=15000
text
firewall --disabled
firstboot --disable
keyboard us
lang en_US
url --url=http://172.16.12.128/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64
$yum_repo_stanza
reboot
rootpw --iscrypted 2WTFvfNvAMgCUPuC$MJgWGzhakgxrRObcEbAwSe8vkz0s//xyiTllGwxRsHHruQhcskO69u2LVTU9u0eemHXH2pzcGawyAJ54R2E/x0
selinux --disabled
skipx
timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --nontp
install
zerombr
%packages
@^minimal
@core
kexec-tools
%end
%addon com_redhat_kdump --enable --reserve-mb='auto'
%end
%anaconda
pwpolicy root --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
pwpolicy user --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --emptyok
pwpolicy luks --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
%end
EOF
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# vim /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/rhel-7-x86_64.ks
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler validateks
task started: 2019-08-29_172202_validateks
task started (id=Kickstart Validation, time=Thu Aug 29 17:22:02 2019)
osversion: rhel7
checking url: http://192.168.170.14/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/rhel-7-x86_64
running: /usr/bin/ksvalidator -v "rhel7" "http://192.168.170.14/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/rhel-7-x86_64"
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
*** all kickstarts seem to be ok ***
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
检查 ks 文件语法是否有误
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile list
rhel-7-x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile edit --name rhel-7-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/rhel-7-x86_64.ks
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile edit --name rhel-7-x86_64 --kopts='net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0'
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile report
Name : rhel-7-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files : {}
Comment :
DHCP Tag : default
Distribution : rhel-7-x86_64
Enable gPXE? : 0
Enable PXE Menu? : 1
Fetchable Files : {}
Kernel Options : {'biosdevname': '0', 'net.ifnames': '0'}
Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}
Kickstart : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/rhel-7-x86_64.ks
Kickstart Metadata : {}
Management Classes : []
Management Parameters : <<inherit>>
Name Servers : []
Name Servers Search Path : []
Owners : ['admin']
Parent Profile :
Internal proxy :
Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server : <<inherit>>
Repos : []
Server Override : <<inherit>>
Template Files : {}
Virt Auto Boot : 1
Virt Bridge : xenbr0
Virt CPUs : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type : raw
Virt File Size(GB) : 5
Virt Path :
Virt RAM (MB) : 512
Virt Type : kvm
查看当前 cobbler 有哪些配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile list
Centos-7-x86_64
修改 profile，将我们新建的 ks 文件设为默认的 kickstarts 安装文件
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile edit --name rhel-7-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/rhel-7-x86_64.ks
配置网卡名称为传统网卡名称 eth0
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile edit --name rhel-7-x86_64 --kopts='net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0'
检查当前系统 cobbler 配置文件信息
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile report
Name : rhel-7-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files : {}
Comment :
DHCP Tag : default
Distribution : rhel-7-x86_64
Enable gPXE? : 0
Enable PXE Menu? : 1
Fetchable Files : {}
Kernel Options : {'biosdevname': '0', 'net.ifnames': '0'}
Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}
Kickstart : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/rhel-7-x86_64.ks
Kickstart Metadata : {}
Management Classes : []
Management Parameters : <<inherit>>
Name Servers : []
Name Servers Search Path : []
Owners : ['admin']
Parent Profile :
Internal proxy :
Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server : <<inherit>>
Repos : []
Server Override : <<inherit>>
Template Files : {}
Virt Auto Boot : 1
Virt Bridge : xenbr0
Virt CPUs : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type : raw
Virt File Size(GB) : 5
Virt Path :
Virt RAM (MB) : 512
Virt Type : kvm
同步 cobbler
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2019-08-29_172318_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Thu Aug 29 17:23:18 2019)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/rhel-7-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel-7-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /va 《一线大厂 Java 面试题解析+后端开发学习笔记+最新架构讲解视频+实战项目源码讲义》无偿开源 威信搜索公众号【编程进阶路】 r/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying files for distro: rhel-7-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel-7-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel-7-x86_64/initrd.img
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
copying files for distro: rhel-7-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/rhel-7-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/rhel-7-x86_64/initrd.img
Writing template files for rhel-7-x86_64
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
processing boot_files for distro: rhel-7-x86_64
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout:
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.manage_genders
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
为避免发生未知问题，先把服务端所有服务重启
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart xinetd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 :
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 :
LISTEN 0 5 127.0.0.1:25151 :
LISTEN 0 5 *:873 :
LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::443 :::*
LISTEN 0 5 :::873 :::*
[](()客户端安装系统
=================================================================
[](()手动验证：
创建一个虚拟机，模式和服务端模式一样，（这里我使用的是 nat，所以要安装的虚拟机模式也是 nat），然后设置，
然后，直接开启虚拟机，看到以下界面，，手动配置成功
ok!这样效果是出来了，但是，还是需要手动选择，如果机器太多，每台服务器都要选择，还是很麻烦，所以采用 web 界面配置
[](()定制安装
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