Springboot 异步任务执行及监控
- 2021 年 12 月 05 日
本文字数:6080 字
阅读完需:约 20 分钟
除了自己实现线程外,springboot 本身就提供了通过注解的方式,进行异步任务的执行。下面主要记录一下,在 Springboot 项目中实现异步任务,以及对异步任务进行封装监控。
1 开启异步支持
想要使用 springboot 的注解进行异步任务,首先要开启 springboot 的异步任务支持。通过集成 AsyncConfigurer 接口,并实现 getAsyncExcutor()方法,如下所示:
package com.springboot.demo.asyncTask.conf;
import org.springframework.aop.interceptor.AsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.AsyncConfigurer;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;
import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
/**
* 配置spring boot 多线程支持
*/
@Configuration
@EnableAsync //开启异步任务支持
public class SpringTaskExecutor implements AsyncConfigurer {
@Override
public Executor getAsyncExecutor() {
ThreadPoolTaskExecutor taskExecutor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
taskExecutor.setCorePoolSize(5);
taskExecutor.setMaxPoolSize(10);
taskExecutor.setQueueCapacity(20);
taskExecutor.initialize();
return taskExecutor;
}
@Override
public AsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler getAsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler() {
return null;
}
}
通过上面方法,就可以实现 Spring boot 的异步任务支持。然后只需要在想要进行异步的方法前添加 @Async 注解就可以了,如下所示:
package com.springboot.demo.asyncTask.service;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
* 异步任务执行器
*/
@Component
public class AsyncTaskExecutor {
private static Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AsyncTaskExecutor.class);
@Async
public void executor(AsyncTaskConstructor asyncTaskGenerator, String taskInfo) {
LOG.info("AsyncTaskExecutor is executing async task:{}", taskInfo);
asyncTaskGenerator.async();
}
}
2 异步任务封装监控
2.1 封装思路
提供一个异步任务的管理器,管理器可以实现异步任务的提交、保存任务信息、获取任务信息等功能。
提供一个异步任务的监控器,用于监控异步任务执行状况,并把执行信息保存到缓存中,并记录任务执行时间。
提供一个异步任务的构造器,用于构造异步方法。
提供一个异步任务的执行器,用于执行管理器提交的使用构造器构造的异步方法。
2.2 效果展示
2.2.1 启动异步任务
2.2.2 查看任务状态
2.3 编码实现
2.3.1 conf 包
主要是配置 springboot 的线程池,开启 spring boot 支持异步支持
2.3.1.1 SpringTaskExcutor.java
package com.emcc.hiacloud.analytics.asynctask.conf;
import org.springframework.aop.interceptor.AsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.AsyncConfigurer;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;
import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
/**
* 配置spring boot 多线程支持
*/
@Configuration
@EnableAsync //开启异步任务支持
public class SpringTaskExecutor implements AsyncConfigurer {
@Override
public Executor getAsyncExecutor() {
ThreadPoolTaskExecutor taskExecutor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
taskExecutor.setCorePoolSize(5);
taskExecutor.setMaxPoolSize(10);
taskExecutor.setQueueCapacity(20);
taskExecutor.initialize();
return taskExecutor;
}
@Override
public AsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler getAsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler() {
return null;
}
}
2.3.2 entity 包
主要存放 TaskInfo 实例类用于保存任务信息,TaskStatusEnmu 枚举类用来存放任务状态。
2.3.2.1 TaskInfo.java
package com.emcc.hiacloud.analytics.asynctask.entity;
import java.util.Date;
/**
* 任务信息
*/
public class TaskInfo {
private String taskId;
private TaskStatusEnum status;
private Date startTime;
private Date endTime;
private String totalTime;
public TaskStatusEnum getStatus() {
return status;
}
public void setStatus(TaskStatusEnum status) {
this.status = status;
}
public void setTotalTime(String totalTime) {
this.totalTime = totalTime;
}
public String getTaskId() {
return taskId;
}
public void setTaskId(String taskId) {
this.taskId = taskId;
}
public Date getStartTime() {
return startTime;
}
public void setStartTime(Date startTime) {
this.startTime = startTime;
}
public Date getEndTime() {
return endTime;
}
public void setEndTime(Date endTime) {
this.endTime = endTime;
}
public String getTotalTime() {
return totalTime;
}
public void setTotalTime() {
this.totalTime = (this.endTime.getTime() - this.startTime.getTime()) + "ms";
}
}
2.3.2.2 TaskStatusEnum.java
package com.emcc.hiacloud.analytics.asynctask.entity;
/**
* 任务状态枚举
*/
public enum TaskStatusEnum {
STARTED(1, "任务已经启动"),
RUNNING(0, "任务正在运行"),
SUCCESS(2, "任务执行成功"),
FAILED(-2, "任务执行失败");
private int state;
private String stateInfo;
TaskStatusEnum(int state, String stateInfo) {
this.state = state;
this.stateInfo = stateInfo;
}
public int getState() {
return state;
}
public String getStateInfo() {
return stateInfo;
}
}
2.3.3 manager 包
存放任务的管理类和监控类
2.3.3.1 AsyncTaskManager.java
package com.emcc.hiacloud.analytics.asynctask.manager;
import com.emcc.hiacloud.analytics.asynctask.entity.TaskInfo;
import com.emcc.hiacloud.analytics.asynctask.entity.TaskStatusEnum;
import com.emcc.hiacloud.analytics.asynctask.service.AsyncTaskConstructor;
import com.emcc.hiacloud.analytics.asynctask.service.AsyncTaskExecutor;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.UUID;
/**
* 异步任务管理器
*/
@Component
public class AsyncTaskManager {
private Map<String, TaskInfo> taskContainer = new HashMap<>(16);
@Autowired
AsyncTaskExecutor asyncTaskExecutor;
/**
* 初始化任务
*
* @return taskInfo
*/
public TaskInfo initTask() {
TaskInfo taskInfo = new TaskInfo();
taskInfo.setTaskId(getTaskId());
taskInfo.setStatus(TaskStatusEnum.STARTED);
taskInfo.setStartTime(new Date());
setTaskInfo(taskInfo);
return taskInfo;
}
/**
* 初始化任务
* @param asyncTaskConstructor 异步任务构造器
* @return taskInfo
*/
public TaskInfo submit(AsyncTaskConstructor asyncTaskConstructor) {
TaskInfo info = initTask();
String taskId = info.getTaskId();
asyncTaskExecutor.executor(asyncTaskConstructor,taskId);
return info;
}
/**
* 保存任务信息
*
* @param taskInfo 任务信息
*/
public void setTaskInfo(TaskInfo taskInfo) {
taskContainer.put(taskInfo.getTaskId(), taskInfo);
}
/**
* 获取任务信息
*
* @param taskId 任务ID
* @return
*/
public TaskInfo getTaskInfo(String taskId) {
return taskContainer.get(taskId);
}
/**
* 获取任务状态
*
* @param taskId 任务ID
* @return
*/
public TaskStatusEnum getTaskStatus(String taskId) {
return getTaskInfo(taskId).getStatus();
}
/**
* 生成任务ID
*
* @return taskId
*/
public String getTaskId() {
return UUID.randomUUID().toString();
}
}
2.3.3.2 AsyncTaskMonitor.java
异步任务的监控主要是利用了 spring 的 AOP 面向切面,在异步方法的执行前和执行后进行监控,判断任务状态,并记录任务信息。
package com.emcc.hiacloud.analytics.asynctask.manager;
import com.emcc.hiacloud.analytics.asynctask.entity.TaskInfo;
import com.emcc.hiacloud.analytics.asynctask.entity.TaskStatusEnum;
import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.Date;
/**
* 异步任务监控
*/
@Component
@Aspect
public class AsyncTaskMonitor {
@Autowired
AsyncTaskManager manager;
private static Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AsyncTaskMonitor.class);
@Around("execution(* com.emcc.hiacloud.analytics.asynctask.service.AsyncTaskExecutor.*(..))")
public void taskHandle(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp) {
//获取taskId
String taskId = pjp.getArgs()[1].toString();
//获取任务信息
TaskInfo taskInfo = manager.getTaskInfo(taskId);
LOG.info("AsyncTaskMonitor is monitoring async task:{}", taskId);
taskInfo.setStatus(TaskStatusEnum.RUNNING);
manager.setTaskInfo(taskInfo);
TaskStatusEnum status = null;
try {
pjp.proceed();
status = TaskStatusEnum.SUCCESS;
} catch (Throwable throwable) {
status = TaskStatusEnum.FAILED;
LOG.error("AsyncTaskMonitor:async task {} is failed.Error info:{}", taskId, throwable.getMessage());
}
taskInfo.setEndTime(new Date());
taskInfo.setStatus(status);
taskInfo.setTotalTime();
manager.setTaskInfo(taskInfo);
}
}
2.3.4 service 包
主要存放异步任务的方法构造器和执行器。
2.3.4.1 AsyncTaskConstructor
通过该接口可以构建想要实现的异步方法。只要 new 一下接口实例,然后重写 async()方法即可。
package com.emcc.hiacloud.analytics.asynctask.service;
/**
* 异步任务构造器
*/
public interface AsyncTaskConstructor {
public void async();
}
2.3.4.2 AsyncTaskExecutor.java 异步任务执行器
package com.emcc.hiacloud.analytics.asynctask.service;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
* 异步任务执行器
*/
@Component
public class AsyncTaskExecutor {
private static Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AsyncTaskExecutor.class);
@Async
public void executor(AsyncTaskConstructor asyncTaskGenerator, String taskInfo) {
LOG.info("AsyncTaskExecutor is executing async task:{}", taskInfo);
asyncTaskGenerator.async();
}
}
3 应用
实现两个接口,一个是开启一个异步任务,另一个是查看任务状态。
想要使用我们刚才分装好的异步任务,只需要将 AsyncTaskManager 注入到程序中。
package com.emcc.hiacloud.analytics.orchestrations.controller;
import com.emcc.hiacloud.analytics.asynctask.entity.TaskInfo;
import com.emcc.hiacloud.analytics.asynctask.manager.AsyncTaskManager;
import com.emcc.hiacloud.analytics.common.rest.RestMessage;
import com.emcc.hiacloud.analytics.common.util.RestMessageUtil;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@RequestMapping(value = "/api/v1/asynctask")
public class AsyncTaskController {
//注入异步任务管理器
@Autowired
AsyncTaskManager asyncTaskManager;
@RequestMapping(value = "/startTask", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public RestMessage startAsyncTask() {
//调用任务管理器中的submit去提交一个异步任务
TaskInfo taskInfo = asyncTaskManager.submit(() -> {
System.out.println("__________");
try {
//模拟异步,睡眠6秒
Thread.sleep(30000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("__________");
});
return RestMessageUtil.objectToRestMessage(taskInfo);
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/getTaskStatus", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public RestMessage getTaskStatus(
@RequestParam("taskId") String taskId) {
return RestMessageUtil.objectToRestMessage(asyncTaskManager.getTaskInfo(taskId));
}
}
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