ConcurrentHashMap 源码分析-扩容
扩容时的线程安全
ConcurrentHashMap 扩容的时机和 HashMap 相同,都是在 put 方法中的最后一步检查是否需要扩容。
ConcurrentHashMap 扩容的思路:
首先需要把老数组的值全部拷贝到扩容之后的新数组上,先从数组的队尾开始拷贝;
拷贝数组的槽点时,先把原数组槽点锁住,保证原数组槽点不能操作,成功拷贝到新数组时,把原数组槽点赋值为转移节点;
这时如果有新数据正好需要 put 到此槽点时,发现槽点为转移节点,就会一直等待,所以在扩容完成之前,该槽点对应的数据是不会发生变化的;
从数组的尾部拷贝到头部,每拷贝成功一次,就把原数组中的节点设置成转移节点;
直到所有数组数据都拷贝到新数组时,直接把新数组整个赋值给数组容器,拷贝完成。
源码:
方法主要分成了两步:
新建新的空数组
移动拷贝每个元素到新数组中去
private final void transfer(Node<K,V>[] tab, Node<K,V>[] nextTab) { int n = tab.length, stride; if ((stride = (NCPU > 1) ? (n >>> 3) / NCPU : n) < MIN_TRANSFER_STRIDE) stride = MIN_TRANSFER_STRIDE; // subdivide range if (nextTab == null) { // initiating try { @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") Node<K,V>[] nt = (Node<K,V>[])new Node<?,?>[n << 1]; nextTab = nt; } catch (Throwable ex) { // try to cope with OOME sizeCtl = Integer.MAX_VALUE; return; } nextTable = nextTab; transferIndex = n; } int nextn = nextTab.length; ForwardingNode<K,V> fwd = new ForwardingNode<K,V>(nextTab); boolean advance = true; boolean finishing = false; // to ensure sweep before committing nextTab for (int i = 0, bound = 0;;) { Node<K,V> f; int fh; while (advance) { int nextIndex, nextBound; if (--i >= bound || finishing) advance = false; else if ((nextIndex = transferIndex) <= 0) { i = -1; advance = false; } else if (U.compareAndSwapInt (this, TRANSFERINDEX, nextIndex, nextBound = (nextIndex > stride ? nextIndex - stride : 0))) { bound = nextBound; i = nextIndex - 1; advance = false; } } if (i < 0 || i >= n || i + n >= nextn) { int sc; if (finishing) { nextTable = null; table = nextTab; sizeCtl = (n << 1) - (n >>> 1); return; } if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc = sizeCtl, sc - 1)) { if ((sc - 2) != resizeStamp(n) << RESIZE_STAMP_SHIFT) return; finishing = advance = true; i = n; // recheck before commit } } else if ((f = tabAt(tab, i)) == null) advance = casTabAt(tab, i, null, fwd); else if ((fh = f.hash) == MOVED) advance = true; // already processed else { synchronized (f) { if (tabAt(tab, i) == f) { Node<K,V> ln, hn; if (fh >= 0) { int runBit = fh & n; Node<K,V> lastRun = f; for (Node<K,V> p = f.next; p != null; p = p.next) { int b = p.hash & n; if (b != runBit) { runBit = b; lastRun = p; } } if (runBit == 0) { ln = lastRun; hn = null; } else { hn = lastRun; ln = null; } for (Node<K,V> p = f; p != lastRun; p = p.next) { int ph = p.hash; K pk = p.key; V pv = p.val; if ((ph & n) == 0) ln = new Node<K,V>(ph, pk, pv, ln); else hn = new Node<K,V>(ph, pk, pv, hn); } setTabAt(nextTab, i, ln); setTabAt(nextTab, i + n, hn); setTabAt(tab, i, fwd); advance = true; } else if (f instanceof TreeBin) { ………… setTabAt(tab, i, fwd); advance = true; } } } } }}
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Node<K,V>[] tab, Node<K,V>[] nextTab tab:原数组,nextTab:新数组
int n = tab.length, stride; 获取老数组的长度
if (nextTab == null) { } 判断新数组为空,初始化,大小为原数组的两倍,n << 1
int nextn = nextTab.length; 获取新数组的长度
ForwardingNode<K,V> fwd = new ForwardingNode<K,V>(nextTab); 代表转移节点,如果原数组上是转移节点,说明该节点正在被扩容
for (int i = 0, bound = 0;;) { } 无限自旋,i 的值会从原数组的最大值开始,慢慢递减到 0
if (--i >= bound || finishing) advance = false;结束循环的标志
if (i < 0 || i >= n || i + n >= nextn) { } if 任意条件满足说明拷贝结束了
if (finishing) { nextTable = null; table = nextTab; sizeCtl = (n << 1) - (n >>> 1); return; }拷贝结束,直接赋值,因为每次拷贝完一个节点,都在原数组上放转移节点,拷贝完成的节点数据一定不会发生变化。原数组发现是转移节点,是不会操作的,会一直等待转移节点消失之后在进行操作
if (tabAt(tab, i) == f) { } 进行节点的拷贝
for (Node<K,V> p = f; p != lastRun; p = p.next) { int ph = p.hash; K pk = p.key; V pv = p.val; if ((ph & n) == 0) ln = new Node<K,V>(ph, pk, pv, ln); else hn = new Node<K,V>(ph, pk, pv, hn);}
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如果节点只有单个数据,直接拷贝,如果是链表,循环多次组成链表拷贝
setTabAt(nextTab, i, ln); setTabAt(nextTab, i + n, hn); 在新数组位置上放置拷贝的值
setTabAt(tab, i, fwd); advance = true;在老数组位置上放上 ForwardingNode 节点
总结:
拷贝槽点时,会把原数组的槽点锁住;
拷贝成功之后,会把原数组的槽点设置成转移节点,这样如果有数据需要 put 到该节点时,发现该槽点是转移节点,会一直等待,直到扩容成功之后,才能继续 put;
从尾到头进行拷贝,拷贝成功就把原数组的槽点设置成转移节点;等扩容拷贝都完成之后,直接把新数组的值赋值给数组容器,之前等待 put 的数据才能继续 put;
扩容通过在原数组上设置转移节点,put 时碰到转移节点时会等待扩容成功之后才能 put ,保证了整个扩容过程中肯定是线程安全的。
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