命令 docker build -f 文件路径 -t 镜像名:[tag] .

[root@izbp1h9ynqgizuhp85e2xkz dockerfile]# docker build -f myDockerFile-centos -t mycentos:0.1 .

Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.048kB

Step 1/10 : FROM centos

---> 300e315adb2f

Step 2/10 : MAINTAINER achang995931576@qq.com

---> Using cache

---> 82edb0ac69c2

Step 3/10 : ENV MYPATH /usr/local

---> Using cache

---> e2325f72ff50

Step 4/10 : WORKDIR $MYPATH

---> Using cache

---> c3c6e1f65466

Step 5/10 : RUN yum -y install vim

---> Using cache

---> f3c0242d3727

Step 6/10 : RUN yum -y install net-tools

---> Running in 1d695361c61b

Last metadata expiration check: 0:04:02 ago on Sat Jan 30 11:45:24 2021.

Dependencies resolved.

================================================================================

Package Architecture Version Repository Size

================================================================================

Installing:

net-tools x86_64 2.0-0.52.20160912git.el8 baseos 322 k

Transaction Summary

================================================================================

Install 1 Package

Total download size: 322 k

Installed size: 942 k

Downloading Packages:

net-tools-2.0-0.52.20160912git.el8.x86_64.rpm 1.5 MB/s | 322 kB 00:00

Total 444 kB/s | 322 kB 00:00

Running transaction check

Transaction check succeeded.

Running transaction test

Transaction test succeeded.

Running transaction

Preparing : 1/1

Installing : net-tools-2.0-0.52.20160912git.el8.x86_64 1/1

Running scriptlet: net-tools-2.0-0.52.20160912git.el8.x86_64 1/1

Verifying : net-tools-2.0-0.52.20160912git.el8.x86_64 1/1

Installed:

net-tools-2.0-0.52.20160912git.el8.x86_64

Complete!

Removing intermediate container 1d695361c61b

---> 55b1ed9cadea

Step 7/10 : EXPOSE 5299

---> Running in b0dcf59f3190

Removing intermediate container b0dcf59f3190

---> d8c0d393ea76

Step 8/10 : CMD echo $MYPATH

---> Running in 208ebfa2d3ba

Removing intermediate container 208ebfa2d3ba

---> 57ac789f1e5b

Step 9/10 : CMD echo "---END---"

---> Running in f173e33f2b6c

Removing intermediate container f173e33f2b6c

---> 13b13c7594ba

Step 10/10 : CMD /bin/bash

---> Running in 85751b8ad3f4

Removing intermediate container 85751b8ad3f4

---> 0513d130fa1b

Successfully built 0513d130fa1b

Successfully tagged mycentos:0.1

测试运行

已经有vim指令

有了ifconfig命令

列出本地进行的变更历史

docker history 镜像 ID

CMD 和 ENTRYPOINT 区别

CMD # 指定这个容器启动的时候要运行的命令，只有最后一个会生效，可被替代。

ENTRYPOINT # 指定这个容器启动的时候要运行的命令，可以追加命令

测试 cmd

编写 dockerfile 文件

$ vim dockerfile-test-cmd

dockerfile 内容

FROM centos

CMD ["ls","-a"]

构建镜像

$ docker build -f dockerfile-test-cmd -t cmd-test:0.1 .

运行镜像

$ docker run cmd-test:0.1

.

..

.dockerenv

bin

dev

想追加一个命令 -l 成为 ls -al

[root@izbp1h9ynqgizuhp85e2xkz dockerfile]# docker run cmd-test -l

docker: Error response from daemon: OCI runtime create failed: container_linux.go:370: starting container process caused: exec: "-l": executable file not found in $PATH: unknown.

cmd 的情况下 -l 替换了 CMD 成为了 CMD["ls","-l"]。 -l -->不是命令所以报错

需要写以下，通过 ls -al 完整的命令 替换上面的 ls -a

[root@izbp1h9ynqgizuhp85e2xkz dockerfile]# docker run cmd-test ls -al

发现CMD命令是替换之前的命令，所以就需要写原生命令

测试 ENTRYPOINT

编写 dockerfile 文件

$ vim dockerfile-test-entrypoint

FROM centos

ENTRYPOINT ["ls","-a"]

[root@izbp1h9ynqgizuhp85e2xkz dockerfile]# docker run 2c09d7cc807f

.

..

.dockerenv

bin

dev

etc

home

lib

lib64

lost+found

media

mnt

opt

proc

root

run

sbin

srv

sys

tmp

usr

var

我们的命令，是直接拼接在 ENTRYPOINT 命令后面的

[root@izbp1h9ynqgizuhp85e2xkz dockerfile]# docker run 2c09d7cc807f -l

total 56

drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 Jan 30 12:41 .

drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 Jan 30 12:41 ..

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Jan 30 12:41 .dockerenv

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 3 15:22 bin -> usr/bin

drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 340 Jan 30 12:41 dev

drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 Jan 30 12:41 etc

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 3 15:22 home

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 3 15:22 lib -> usr/lib

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 3 15:22 lib64 -> usr/lib64

drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Dec 4 17:37 lost+found

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 3 15:22 media

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 3 15:22 mnt

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 3 15:22 opt

dr-xr-xr-x 123 root root 0 Jan 30 12:41 proc

dr-xr-x--- 2 root root 4096 Dec 4 17:37 root

drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 Dec 4 17:37 run

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Nov 3 15:22 sbin -> usr/sbin

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 3 15:22 srv

dr-xr-xr-x 13 root root 0 Jan 30 12:41 sys

drwxrwxrwt 7 root root 4096 Dec 4 17:37 tmp

drwxr-xr-x 12 root root 4096 Dec 4 17:37 usr

drwxr-xr-x 20 root root 4096 Dec 4 17:37 var

发现了ENTRYPOINT 命令可以在命令后面叠加

[](()实战：Tomcat 镜像

1、准备镜像文件

准备 tomcat 和 jdk 到当前目录，编写好 README

2、编写 dokerfile，官方命名Dockerfile，build时会自动寻找这个文件，就不需要-f指定了

FROM centos

MAINTAINER achang995931576@qq.com

COPY readme.txt /usr/local/readme.txt

ADD jdk-8u161-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local

ADD apache-tomcat-9.0.41.tar.gz /usr/local

RUN yum -y install vim

ENV MYPATH /usr/local

ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.8.0.161

ENV CLASSPATH $JAV{A}_{H}OME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar

ENV CATALINA_HOME /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.41

ENV CATALINA_BASH /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.41

ENV PATH $PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$CATALIN{A}_{H}OME/lib:$CATALINA_HOME/bin

WORKDIR $MYPATH

EXPOSE 8080

CMD /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.41/bin/startup.sh && tail -F /usr/localapache-tomcat-9.0.41/bin/logs/catalina.out

3、构建镜像，通过build命令构建，不要忘记 .

docker build -t dirtomcat .

[root@izbp1h9ynqgizuhp85e2xkz test]# docker build -t dirtomcat .

Sending build context to Docker daemon 201.2MB

Step 1/15 : FROM centos

---> 300e315adb2f

Step 2/15 : MAINTAINER achang995931576@qq.com

---> Using cache

---> 82edb0ac69c2

Step 3/15 : COPY readme.txt /usr/local/readme.txt

---> 6139a88f8d11

Step 4/15 : ADD jdk-8u161-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local

---> 9de12dfdd661

Step 5/15 : ADD apache-tomcat-9.0.41.tar.gz /usr/local

---> 1686e6a55ab1

Step 6/15 : RUN yum -y install vim

---> Running in 61ebe2e2edec

CentOS Linux 8 - AppStream 1.3 MB/s | 6.3 MB 00:04

CentOS Linux 8 - BaseOS 507 kB/s | 2.3 MB 00:04

CentOS Linux 8 - Extras 15 kB/s | 8.6 kB 00:00

Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:01 ago on Sun Jan 31 03:56:13 2021.

Dependencies resolved.

================================================================================

Package Arch Version Repository Size

================================================================================

Installing:

vim-enhanced x86_64 2:8.0.1763-15.el8 appstream 1.4 M

Installing dependencies:

gpm-libs x86_64 1.20.7-15.el8 appstream 39 k

vim-common x86_64 2:8.0.1763-15.el8 appstream 6.3 M

vim-filesystem noarch 2:8.0.1763-15.el8 appstream 48 k

which x86_64 2.21-12.el8 baseos 49 k

Transaction Summary

================================================================================

Install 5 Packages

Total download size: 7.8 M

Installed size: 30 M

Downloading Packages:

(1/5): gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64.rpm 294 kB/s | 39 kB 00:00

(2/5): vim-filesystem-8.0.1763-15.el8.noarch.rp 1.3 MB/s | 48 kB 00:00

(3/5): vim-enhanced-8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64.rpm 3.7 MB/s | 1.4 MB 00:00

(4/5): vim-common-8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64.rpm 12 MB/s | 6.3 MB 00:00

(5/5): which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64.rpm 100 kB/s | 49 kB 00:00

Total 4.7 MB/s | 7.8 MB 00:01

warning: /var/cache/dnf/appstream-02e86d1c976ab532/packages/gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 8483c65d: NOKEY

CentOS Linux 8 - AppStream 1.3 MB/s | 1.6 kB 00:00

Importing GPG key 0x8483C65D:

Userid : "CentOS (CentOS Official Signing Key) security@centos.org"

Fingerprint: 99DB 70FA E1D7 CE22 7FB6 4882 05B5 55B3 8483 C65D

From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial

Key imported successfully

Running transaction check

Transaction check succeeded.

Running transaction test

Transaction test succeeded.

Running transaction

Preparing : 1/1

Installing : which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64 1/5

Installing : vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.noarch 2/5

Installing : vim-common-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64 3/5

Installing : gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64 4/5

Running scriptlet: gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64 4/5

Installing : vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64 5/5

Running scriptlet: vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64 5/5

Running scriptlet: vim-common-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64 5/5

Verifying : gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64 1/5

Verifying : vim-common-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64 2/5

Verifying : vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64 3/5

Verifying : vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.noarch 4/5

Verifying : which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64 5/5

Installed:

gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64 vim-common-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64

vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64 vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.noarch

which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64

Complete!

Removing intermediate container 61ebe2e2edec

---> 72d40532bcc0

Step 7/15 : ENV MYPATH /usr/local

---> Running in 64953e87fb82

Removing intermediate container 64953e87fb82

---> 157e51dd50d8

Step 8/15 : ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.8.0.161

---> Running in 28e653e0397f

Removing intermediate container 28e653e0397f

---> 6bed45cea259

Step 9/15 : ENV CLASSPATH $JAV{A}_{H}OME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar

---> Running in 714dfa4e0f32

Removing intermediate container 714dfa4e0f32

---> 00438e7f51e3

Step 10/15 : ENV CATALINA_HOME /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.41

---> Running in f38eb17a0979

Removing intermediate container f38eb17a0979

---> 633b86a072f4

Step 11/15 : ENV CATALINA_BASH /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.41

---> Running in d26c47994ef8

Removing intermediate container d26c47994ef8

---> b7903f70d65c

Step 12/15 : ENV PATH $PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$CATALIN{A}_{H}OME/lib:$CATALINA_HOME/bin

---> Running in 2afe4f349677

Removing intermediate container 2afe4f349677

---> aedaee0f98df

Step 13/15 : WORKDIR $MYPATH

---> Running in 0a013008277c

Removing intermediate container 0a013008277c

---> 9760898da7dd

Step 14/15 : EXPOSE 8080

---> Running in d69219c8493e

Removing intermediate container d69219c8493e

---> 46190e253c19

Step 15/15 : CMD /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.41/bin/startup.sh && tail -F /usr/localapache-tomcat-9.0.41/bin/logs/catalina.out

---> Running in 3f0b6ea8f2ed

Removing intermediate container 3f0b6ea8f2ed

---> 08532a1cace3

Successfully built 08532a1cace3

Successfully tagged dirtomcat:latest

4、run 镜像

[root@izbp1h9ynqgizuhp85e2xkz test]# docker run -d -p 5333:8080 --name achangtomcat -v /home/test/tomcat/test:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.41/webapps/test -v /home/test/build/tomcat/logs/:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.41/logs diytomcat

5、访问测试

6、发布项目(由于做了卷挂载，我们直接在本地编写项目就可以发布了！)

web.xml：↓

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">

<display-name>db</display-name>

<welcome-file-list>

<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>

<welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>

<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>

<welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>

<welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>

<welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>

</welcome-file-list>

</web-app>

index.jsp：↓

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"

pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<meta charset="utf-8">

<title>hello,achang</title>

</head>

<body>

Hello World!<br/>

<%

System.out.println("-----test-----");

%>

</body>

</html>

发现：项目部署成功，可以直接访问！

我们以后开发的步骤：需要掌握 Dockerfile 的编写！我们之后的一切都是使用 docker 镜像来发布运行！

[](()发布自己的镜像

Dockerhub

1、地址 https://hub.docker.com/

2、确定这个账号可以登录

3、登录

docker login --help

Usage: docker login [OPTIONS] [SERVER]

Log in to a Docker registry.

If no server is specified, the default is defined by the daemon.

Options:

-p, --password string Password

--password-stdin Take the password from stdin

-u, --username string Username

4、提交 push 镜像

[root@izbp1h9ynqgizuhp85e2xkz logs]# docker push diytomcat

Using default tag: latest

The push refers to repository [docker.io/library/diytomcat]

8c521d4e223e: Preparing

150761504cc4: Preparing

303269e3e2c1: Preparing

f26a70e72c57: Preparing

2653d992f4ef: Preparing

denied: requested access to the resource is denied #push 失败，被拒绝

会发现 push 不上去，因为如果没有前缀的话默认是 push 到 官方的 library

解决方法

前提保证 docker login -u XXXX 账号 -p XXX 密码 # 登录过

docker tag 容器名 docker 库你自己的 id/自定义名

docker tag diytomcat achang3306/diytomcat

再 push

docker push achang3306/diytomcat

阿里云镜像服务上

进入阿里云容器镜像服务

1、登录阿里云

2、找到容器镜像服务

3、创建名称容器（一个大容器，下面放很多的镜像）

4、创建容器镜像

5、浏览阿里云

注意：要根据阿里云要求的格式书写指令

看官网 很详细 https://cr.console.aliyun.com/repository/

$ sudo docker login --username=995931576@qq.com registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com

$ sudo docker tag [ImageId] registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/achang/achang-test:[镜像版本号]

$ sudo docker push registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/achang/achang-test:[镜像版本号]

示例：

登录获得权限

[root@izbp1h9ynqgizuhp85e2xkz logs]# docker login --username=995931576@qq.com registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com

Password:

WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.

Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store

Login Succeeded

[root@izbp1h9ynqgizuhp85e2xkz logs]# docker images

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE

diytomcat latest 27fce10d773a 3 hours ago 668MB

achang/tomcat 1.0 27fce10d773a 3 hours ago 668MB

achang1010/diytomcat latest 27fce10d773a 3 hours ago 668MB

achang123/diytomcat 0.1 27fce10d773a 3 hours ago 668MB

achang168/diytomcat latest 27fce10d773a 3 hours ago 668MB

achang3306/diytomcat latest 27fce10d773a 3 hours ago 668MB

achang555/tomcat 0.1 27fce10d773a 3 hours ago 668MB

entrypoint-test latest 2c09d7cc807f 26 hours ago 209MB

cmd-test latest 8e57c56caa7e 27 hours ago 209MB

mycentos 0.1 0513d130fa1b 27 hours ago 282MB

achang/centos latest d4fdaffa138e 2 days ago 209MB

tomcat02 1.0 116c7aa5521d 2 days ago 654MB

mysql 5.7 a70d36bc331a 12 days ago 449MB

redis latest 621ceef7494a 2 weeks ago 104MB

tomcat 9.0 040bdb29ab37 2 weeks ago 649MB

tomcat latest 040bdb29ab37 2 weeks ago 649MB

nginx latest f6d0b4767a6c 2 weeks ago 133MB

centos latest 300e315adb2f 7 weeks ago 209MB

portainer/portainer latest 62771b0b9b09 6 months ago 79.1MB

elasticsearch 7.6.2 f29a1ee41030 10 months ago 791MB

hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 13 months ago 13.3kB

将要上传阿里云的资源改名

[root@izbp1h9ynqgizuhp85e2xkz logs]# docker tag 27fce10d773a registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/achang/achang-test:0.1

[root@izbp1h9ynqgizuhp85e2xkz logs]# docker images

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE

diytomcat latest 27fce10d773a 3 hours ago 668MB

registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/achang/achang-test 0.1 27fce10d773a 3 hours ago 668MB

achang/tomcat 1.0 27fce10d773a 3 hours ago 668MB

achang1010/diytomcat latest 27fce10d773a 3 hours ago 668MB

achang123/diytomcat 0.1 27fce10d773a 3 hours ago 668MB

achang168/diytomcat latest 27fce10d773a 3 hours ago 668MB

achang3306/diytomcat latest 27fce10d773a 3 hours ago 668MB

achang555/tomcat 0.1 27fce10d773a 3 hours ago 668MB

entrypoint-test latest 2c09d7cc807f 26 hours ago 209MB

cmd-test latest 8e57c56caa7e 27 hours ago 209MB

mycentos 0.1 0513d130fa1b 27 hours ago 282MB

achang/centos latest d4fdaffa138e 2 days ago 209MB

tomcat02 1.0 116c7aa5521d 2 days ago 654MB

mysql 《一线大厂 Java 面试题解析+后端开发学习笔记+最新架构讲解视频+实战项目源码讲义》无偿开源 威信搜索公众号【编程进阶路】 5.7 a70d36bc331a 12 days ago 449MB

redis latest 621ceef7494a 2 weeks ago 104MB

tomcat 9.0 040bdb29ab37 2 weeks ago 649MB

tomcat latest 040bdb29ab37 2 weeks ago 649MB

nginx latest f6d0b4767a6c 2 weeks ago 133MB

centos latest 300e315adb2f 7 weeks ago 209MB

portainer/portainer latest 62771b0b9b09 6 months ago 79.1MB

elasticsearch 7.6.2 f29a1ee41030 10 months ago 791MB

hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 13 months ago 13.3kB

上传 push 想要的镜像

[root@izbp1h9ynqgizuhp85e2xkz logs]# docker push registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/achang/achang-test:0.1

The push refers to repository [registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/achang/achang-test]

8c521d4e223e: Pushed

150761504cc4: Pushed

303269e3e2c1: Pushed

f26a70e72c57: Pushed

2653d992f4ef: Pushed

0.1: digest: sha256:2194133a2e9eed0f20a085ffbfe0e2d1af4015adc9120b4d38dc992f8d1a914e size: 1373