学生管理系统（SSM 简易版）总结，斗鱼 Java 开发二面被刷

• 注意： webapp 是默认没有 java 源文件也没有 test 目录的。

遵循 Maven 的统一项目结构，我们搭建出项目的完整目录结构如下图：

• 我们并没有使用 Log4j 来输出日志，而是使用 logback

• **提示：**我们可以在 IDEA 中右键目录然后选择【Make Directory as】，让 IDEA 识别不同的目录作用

这里的目录建好之后还需要设置一下，让 IDEA 识别目录作用，选择【File】>【Project Structure】：

设置好之后点击 OK，即完成了项目目录的搭建。

第三步：配置文件内容

在【pom.xml】文件中声明依赖的 jar 包 ：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">

<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

<packaging>war</packaging>

<name>StudentManagerSSM</name>

<groupId>cn.wmyskxz</groupId>

<artifactId>StudentManagerSSM</artifactId>

<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

<build>

<plugins>

<plugin>

<groupId>org.mortbay.jetty</groupId>

<artifactId>maven-jetty-plugin</artifactId>

<version>6.1.7</version>

<configuration>

<connectors>

<connector implementation="org.mortbay.jetty.nio.SelectChannelConnector">

<port>8888</port>

<maxIdleTime>30000</maxIdleTime>

</connector>

</connectors>

<webAppSourceDirectory>$project.build.directory/${pom.artifactId}-${pom.version}

</webAppSourceDirectory>

<contextPath>/</contextPath>

</configuration>

</plugin>

</plugins>

</build>

<properties>

<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>

<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>

<spring.version>4.3.5.RELEASE</spring.version>

<mybatis.version>3.4.1</mybatis.version>

</properties>

<dependencies>

<dependency>

<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>

<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>

<version>1.2</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.apache.taglibs</groupId>

<artifactId>taglibs-standard-impl</artifactId>

<version>1.2.5</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>javax</groupId>

<artifactId>javaee-api</artifactId>

<version>7.0</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>junit</groupId>

<artifactId>junit</artifactId>

<version>4.12</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>

<artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>

<version>1.2.2</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>

<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>

<version>2.8.7</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>mysql</groupId>

<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>

<version>5.1.41</version>

<scope>runtime</scope>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>com.mchange</groupId>

<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>

<version>0.9.5.2</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>

<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>

<version>${mybatis.version}</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>

<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>

<version>1.3.1</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>

<version>${spring.version}</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>

<version>${spring.version}</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>

<version>${spring.version}</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>

<version>${spring.version}</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>

<version>${spring.version}</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>

<version>${spring.version}</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>

<version>${spring.version}</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>

<version>${spring.version}</version>

</dependency>

</dependencies>

</project>

• <build> 标签是默认生成的

• 我们在 <properties> 中声明了编码格式以及使用的 spring 和 mybatis 的版本号，然后在 <dependencies> 中声明了具体的 jar 包

在【web.xml】中声明编码过滤器并配置 DispatcherServlet ：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"

version="3.1">

<filter>

<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>

<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>

<init-param>

<param-name>encoding</param-name>

<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>

</init-param>

</filter>

<filter-mapping>

<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>

<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>

</filter-mapping>

<servlet>

<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>

<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>

<init-param>

<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>

<param-value>classpath:spring-*.xml</param-value>

</init-param>

<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>

<async-supported>true</async-supported>

</servlet>

<servlet-mapping>

<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>

<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

在【spring-mybatis.xml】中完成 spring 和 mybatis 的配置：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans

http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd

http://www.springframework.org/schema/context

http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">

<context:component-scan base-package="cn.wmyskxz.service"/>

<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>

<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">

<property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>

<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"/>

<property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"/>

<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>

<property name="maxPoolSize" value="${c3p0.maxPoolSize}"/>

<property name="minPoolSize" value="${c3p0.minPoolSize}"/>

<property name="autoCommitOnClose" value="${c3p0.autoCommitOnClose}"/>

<property name="checkoutTimeout" value="${c3p0.checkoutTimeout}"/>

<property name="acquireRetryAttempts" value="${c3p0.acquireRetryAttempts}"/>

</bean>

<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">

<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>

<property name="typeAliasesPackage" value="cn.wmyskxz.entity"/>

<property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:mapper/*.xml"/>

</bean>

<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">

<property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"/>

<property name="basePackage" value="cn.wmyskxz.dao"/>

</bean>

<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">

<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>

</bean>

<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>

</beans>

在【spring-mvc.xml】中完成 Spring MVC 的相关配置：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans

http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd

http://www.springframework.org/schema/context

http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd

http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc

http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd">

<context:component-scan base-package="cn.wmyskxz.controller"/>

mvc:annotation-driven/

mvc:default-servlet-handler/

<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">

<property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>

<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"/>

<property name="suffix" val

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ue=".jsp"/>

</bean>

</beans>

在【jdbc.properties】中配置 c3p0 数据库连接池：

jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

#数据库地址

jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/student?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8

#用户名

jdbc.username=root

#密码

jdbc.password=root

#最大连接数

c3p0.maxPoolSize=30

#最小连接数

c3p0.minPoolSize=10

#关闭连接后不自动 commit

c3p0.autoCommitOnClose=false

#获取连接超时时间

c3p0.checkoutTimeout=10000

#当获取连接失败重试次数

c3p0.acquireRetryAttempts=2

在【logback.xml】中完成日志输出的相关配置：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<configuration debug="true">

<appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">

<encoder>

<pattern>%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n</pattern>

</encoder>

</appender>

<root level="debug">

<appender-ref ref="STDOUT"/>

</root>

</configuration>

以上就完成了 SSM 框架的基本配置：

• 添加进了 SSM 项目所需要的 jar 包

• 配置好了 spring/mybatis/spring MVC 的相关配置信息（自动扫描 cn.wmyskxz 包下的带有注解的类）

• 通过 xml 配置的方式配置好了日志和数据库

⑤ 实体类设计

实体类仅仅是对数据库中表的一一映射（表中字段名应该和实体类中的名称一一对应），同时可能还需要兼顾对业务能力的支持。

• 在 Packge【cn.wmyskxz.entity】下创建 Student 类：

```

package cn.wmyskxz.entity;

import java.util.Date;

/**

• Student 实体类

• @author: @我没有三颗心脏

• @create: 2018-04-23-下午 13:34

*/

public class Student {

private int id;

private int student_id;

private String name;

private int age;

private String sex;

private Date birthday;

/* getter and setter */

}

```

⑤ DAO 类的设计

DAO，即 Date Access Object，数据库访问对象，就是对数据库相关操作的封装，让其他地方看不到 JDBC 的代码。

在【cn.wmyskxz.dao】包下创建【StudentDao】接口：

package cn.wmyskxz.dao;

import cn.wmyskxz.entity.Student;

import java.util.List;

public interface StudentDao {

int getTotal();

void addStudent(Student student);

void deleteStudent(int id);

void updateStudent(Student student);

Student getStudent(int id);

List<Student> list(int start, int count);

}

然后在【resources/mapper】下创建好对应的映射文件【StudengDao.xml】：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"

"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">

<mapper namespace="cn.wmyskxz.dao.StudentDao">

<select id="getTotal" resultType="int">

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM student

</select>

<insert id="addStudent" parameterType="Student">

INSERT INTO student VALUES(NULL, #{student_id}, #{name}, #{age}, #{sex}, #{birthday})

</insert>

<delete id="deleteStudent" parameterType="int">

DELETE FROM student WHERE id = #{id}

</delete>

<update id="updateStudent" parameterType="Student">

UPDATE student SET student_id = #{student_id}, name = #{name},

age = #{age}, sex = #{sex}, birthday = #{birthday} WHERE id = #{id}

</update>

<select id="getStudent" resultMap="student" parameterType="int">

SELECT * FROM student WHERE id = #{id}

</select>

<resultMap id="student" type="student">

<id column="id" property="id"/>

<result column="student_id" property="student_id"/>

<result column="name" property="name"/>

<result column="age" property="age"/>

<result column="sex" property="sex"/>

<result column="birthday" property="birthday"/>

</resultMap>

<select id="list" resultMap="student">

SELECT * FROM student ORDER BY student_id desc limit #{param1}, #{param2}

</select>

</mapper>

编写好了 Dao 类是需要测试的，这里测试类就不给出了。

⑦ 业务类设计

• 问题： 为什么不直接使用 Dao 类而是还要在上面封装一层 Service 层呢？

• 回答：

基于责任分离的原则，Dao 层就应该专注于对数据库的操作，而在 Service 层我们可以增加一些非 CRUD 的方法去更好的完成本身抽离出来的 service 服务（业务处理）。

在【cn.wmyskxz.service】包下创建【StudentService】接口：

package cn.wmyskxz.service;

import cn.wmyskxz.entity.Student;

import java.util.List;

public interface StudentService {

/**

• 获取到 Student 的总数

• @return

*/

int getTotal();

/**

• 增加一条数据

• @param student

*/

void addStudent(Student student);

/**

• 删除一条数据

• @param id

*/

void deleteStudent(int id);

/**

• 更新一条数据

• @param student

*/

void updateStudent(Student student);

/**

• 找到一条数据

• @param id

• @return

*/

Student getStudent(int id);

/**

• 列举出从 start 位置开始的 count 条数据

• @param start

• @param count

• @return

*/

List<Student> list(int start, int count);

}

并在相同包名下创建实现类【StudentServiceImpl】：

package cn.wmyskxz.service;

import cn.wmyskxz.dao.StudentDao;

import cn.wmyskxz.entity.Student;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.List;

/**

• StudentService 的实现类

• @author: @我没有三颗心脏

• @create: 2018-04-23-下午 13:51

*/

@Service

public class StudentServiceImpl implements StudentService {

@Autowired

StudentDao studentDao;

public int getTotal() {

return studentDao.getTotal();

}

public void addStudent(Student student) {

studentDao.addStudent(student);

}

public void deleteStudent(int id) {

studentDao.deleteStudent(id);

}

public void updateStudent(Student student) {

studentDao.updateStudent(student);

}

public Student getStudent(int id) {

return studentDao.getStudent(id);

}

public List<Student> list(int start, int count) {

return studentDao.list(start, count);

}

}

⑧ 功能开发

在【cn.wmyskxz.controller】包下创建【StudentController】控制器，代码基本上都是复制黏贴之前在 Servlet 中的代码：

package cn.wmyskxz.controller;

import cn.wmyskxz.entity.Student;

import cn.wmyskxz.service.StudentService;

import cn.wmyskxz.util.Page;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.text.ParseException;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;

import java.util.Date;

import java.util.List;

/**

• Student 控制器

• @author: @我没有三颗心脏

• @create: 2018-04-23-下午 13:27

*/

@Controller

@RequestMapping("")

public class StudentController {

@Autowired

private StudentService studentService;

@RequestMapping("/addStudent")

public String addStudent(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {

Student student = new Student();

int studentID = Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("student_id"));

String name = request.getParameter("name");

int age = Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("age"));

String sex = request.getParameter("sex");

Date birthday = null;

// String 类型按照 yyyy-MM-dd 的格式转换为 java.util.Date 类

SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");

try {

birthday = simpleDateFormat.parse(request.getParameter("birthday"));

} catch (ParseException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

student.setStudent_id(studentID);

student.setName(name);

student.setAge(age);

student.setSex(sex);

student.setBirthday(birthday);

studentService.addStudent(student);

return "redirect:listStudent";

}

@RequestMapping("/listStudent")

public String listStudent(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {

// 获取分页参数

int start = 0;

int count = 10;

try {

start = Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("page.start"));

count = Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("page.count"));

} catch (Exception e) {

}

Page page = new Page(start, count);

List<Student> students = studentService.list(page.getStart(), page.getCount());

int total = studentService.getTotal();

page.setTotal(total);

request.setAttribute("students", students);

request.setAttribute("page", page);

return "listStudent";

}

@RequestMapping("/deleteStudent")

public String deleteStudent(int id) {

studentService.deleteStudent(id);

return "redirect:listStudent";

}

@RequestMapping("/editStudent")

public ModelAndView editStudent(int id) {

ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView("editStudent");

Student student = studentService.getStudent(id);

mav.addObject("student", student);

return mav;

}

@RequestMapping("/updateStudent")

public String updateStudent(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {

Student student = new Student();

int id = Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("id"));

int student_id = Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("student_id"));

String name = request.getParameter("name");

int age = Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("age"));

String sex = request.getParameter("sex");

SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");

Date birthday = null;

try {

birthday = simpleDateFormat.parse(request.getParameter("birthday"));

} catch (ParseException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

student.setId(id);

student.setStudent_id(student_id);

student.setName(name);

student.setAge(age);

student.setSex(sex);

student.setBirthday(birthday);

studentService.updateStudent(student);

return "redirect:listStudent";

}

}

• 注意： 所有的学号都用 student_id 表示，为了契合在数据库中的字段名（包括下面的 JSP 文件）

JSP 文件也直接黏之前的就好了，不过需要注意所有的 name 属性：

• 【listStudent.jsp】：

<!DOCTYPE html>

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java"

pageEncoding="UTF-8" %>

<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>

<html>

<head>

<%-- 引入 JQ 和 Bootstrap --%>

<script src="js/jquery/2.0.0/jquery.min.js"></script>

<link href="css/bootstrap/3.3.6/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">

<script src="js/bootstrap/3.3.6/bootstrap.min.js"></script>

<link href="css/style.css" rel="stylesheet">

<title>学生管理页面 - 首页</title>

<script> $(function () {

$("ul.pagination li.disabled a").click(function () {

return false;

});

}); </script>

</head>

<body>

<div class="listDIV">

<table class="table table-striped table-bordered table-hover table-condensed">

<caption>学生列表 - 共 ${page.total}人</caption>

<thead>

<tr class="success">

<th>学号</th>

<th>姓名</th>

<th>年龄</th>

<th>性别</th>

<th>出生日期</th>

<th>编辑</th>

<th>删除</th>

</tr>

</thead>

<tbody>

<c:forEach items="${students}" var="s" varStatus="status">

<tr>

<td>${s.student_id}</td>

<td>${s.name}</td>

<td>${s.age}</td>

<td>${s.sex}</td>

<td>${s.birthday}</td>

<td><a href="/editStudent?id=${s.id}"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-edit"></span> </a></td>

<td><a href="/deleteStudent?id=${s.id}"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-trash"></span> </a></td>

</tr>

</c:forEach>

</tbody>

</table>

</div>

<nav class="pageDIV">

<ul class="pagination">

<li <c:if test="${!page.hasPreviouse}">class="disabled"</c:if>>

<a href="?page.start=0">

<span>?</span>

</a>

</li>

<li <c:if test="${!page.hasPreviouse}">class="disabled"</c:if>>

<a href="?page.start=${page.start-page.count}">

<span>?</span>

</a>

</li>

<c:forEach begin="0" end="${page.totalPage-1}" varStatus="status">

<c:if test="${status.countpage.count-page.start<=30 && status.countpage.count-page.start>=-10}">

<li <c:if test="${status.index*page.count==page.start}">class="disabled"</c:if>>

<a

href="?page.start=${status.index*page.count}"

<c:if test="${status.index*page.count==page.start}">class="current"</c:if>

${status.count}</a>

</li>

</c:if>

</c:forEach>

<li <c:if test="${!page.hasNext}">class="disabled"</c:if>>

<a href="?page.start=${page.start+page.count}">

<span>?</span>

</a>

</li>

<li <c:if test="${!page.hasNext}">class="disabled"</c:if>>

<a href="?page.start=${page.last}">

<span>?</span>

</a>

</li>

</ul>

</nav>

<div class="addDIV">

<div class="panel panel-success">

<div class="panel-heading">

<h3 class="panel-title">增加学生</h3>

</div>

<div class="panel-body">