本文分享自华为云社区《一文读懂autoanalyze使用【这次高斯不是数学家】》,作者: leapdb。
analyze 执行的是否及时,在一定程度上直接决定了 SQL 执行的快慢。因此,GaussDB(DWS)引入了自动统计信息收集,可以做到让用户不再担心统计信息是否过期。
1. 自动收集场景
需要进行自动统计信息收集的场景通常有五个:批量 DML 结束时,增量 DML 结束时,DDL 结束时,查询开始时和后台定时任务。
所以,为了避免对 DML,DDL 带来不必要的性能开销和死锁风险,我们选择了在查询开始前触发 analzye。
2. 自动收集原理
GaussDB(DWS)在 SQL 执行过程中,会记录表增删改查相关的运行时统计信息,并在事务提交或回滚后记录到共享的内存种。
这些信息可以通过 “pg_stat_all_tables 视图” 查询,也可以通过下面函数进行查询。
 pg_stat_get_tuples_inserted   --表累积insert条数pg_stat_get_tuples_updated    --表累积update条数pg_stat_get_tuples_deleted    --表累积delete条数pg_stat_get_tuples_changed    --表自上次analyze以来,修改的条数pg_stat_get_last_analyze_time --查询最近一次analyze时间
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因此,根据共享内存中 "表自上次 analyze 以来修改过的条数" 是否超过一定阈值,就可以判定是否需要做 analyze 了。
3. 自动收集阈值
3.1 全局阈值
 autovacuum_analyze_threshold #表触发analyze的最小修改量autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor #表触发analyze时的修改百分比
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 当"表自上次 analyze 以来修改的条数" >= autovacuum_analyze_threshold + 表估算大小 * autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor 时,需要自动触发 analyze。
3.2 表级阈值
 --设置表级阈值ALTER TABLE item SET (autovacuum_analyze_threshold=50);ALTER TABLE item SET (autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor=0.1);
--查询阈值postgres=# select pg_options_to_table(reloptions) from pg_class where relname='item';          pg_options_to_table          --------------------------------------- (autovacuum_analyze_threshold,50) (autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor,0.1)(2 rows)
--重置阈值ALTER TABLE item RESET (autovacuum_analyze_threshold);ALTER TABLE item RESET (autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor);
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不同表的数据特征不一样,需要触发 analyze 的阈值可能有不同的需求。表级阈值优先级高于全局阈值。
3.3 查看表的修改量是否超过了阈值(仅当前 CN)
 postgres=# select pg_stat_get_local_analyze_status('t_analyze'::regclass); pg_stat_get_local_analyze_status ---------------------------------- Analyze not needed(1 row)
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 4. 自动收集方式
GaussDB(DWS)提供了三种场景下表的自动分析。
5.冻结统计信息
5.1 冻结表的 distinct 值
当一个表的 distinct 总是估算不准,例如:数据扎堆儿重复场景。如果表的 distinct 值固定,可以通过以下方式冻结表的 distinct 值。
 postgres=# alter table lineitem alter l_orderkey set (n_distinct=0.9);ALTER TABLE
postgres=# select relname,attname,attoptions from pg_attribute a,pg_class c where c.oid=a.attrelid and attname='l_orderkey'; relname  |  attname   |    attoptions    ----------+------------+------------------ lineitem | l_orderkey | {n_distinct=0.9}(1 row)
postgres=# alter table lineitem alter l_orderkey reset (n_distinct);ALTER TABLE
postgres=# select relname,attname,attoptions from pg_attribute a,pg_class c where c.oid=a.attrelid and attname='l_orderkey'; relname  |  attname   | attoptions ----------+------------+------------ lineitem | l_orderkey | (1 row)
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 5.2. 冻结表的全部统计信息
如果表的数据特征基本不变,还可以冻结表的统计信息,来避免重复进行 analyze。
 alter table table_name set frozen_stats=true;
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 6. 手动查看表是否需要做 analyze
a. 不想在业务高峰期时触发数据库后台任务,所以不愿意打开 autovacuum 来触发 analyze,怎么办?
b. 业务修改了一批表,想立即对这些表马上做一次 analyze,又不知道都有哪些表,怎么办?
c. 业务高峰来临前想对临近阈值的表都做一次 analyze,怎么办?
我们将 autovacuum 检查阈值判断是否需要 analyze 逻辑,抽取成了函数,帮助用户灵活主动的检查哪些表需要做 analyze。
6.1 判断表是否需要 analyze(串行版,适用于所有历史版本)
 -- the function for get all pg_stat_activity information in all CN of current cluster.CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION pg_catalog.pgxc_stat_table_need_analyze(in table_name text)RETURNS BOOlAS $$DECLARE    row_data record;    coor_name record;    fet_active text;    fetch_coor text;    relTuples int4;    changedTuples int4:= 0;    rel_anl_threshold int4;    rel_anl_scale_factor float4;    sys_anl_threshold int4;    sys_anl_scale_factor float4;    anl_threshold int4;    anl_scale_factor float4;    need_analyze bool := false;    BEGIN        --Get all the node names        fetch_coor := 'SELECT node_name FROM pgxc_node WHERE node_type=''C''';        FOR coor_name IN EXECUTE(fetch_coor) LOOP             fet_active := 'EXECUTE DIRECT ON (' || coor_name.node_name || ') ''SELECT pg_stat_get_tuples_changed(oid) from pg_class where relname = ''''|| table_name ||'''';''';            FOR row_data IN EXECUTE(fet_active) LOOP                 changedTuples = changedTuples + row_data.pg_stat_get_tuples_changed;            END LOOP;        END LOOP;
        EXECUTE 'select pg_stat_get_live_tuples(oid) from pg_class c where c.oid = '''|| table_name ||'''::REGCLASS;' into relTuples;        EXECUTE 'show autovacuum_analyze_threshold;' into sys_anl_threshold;        EXECUTE 'show autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor;' into sys_anl_scale_factor;
        EXECUTE 'select (select option_value from pg_options_to_table(c.reloptions) where option_name = ''autovacuum_analyze_threshold'') as value         from pg_class c where c.oid = '''|| table_name ||'''::REGCLASS;' into rel_anl_threshold;
        EXECUTE 'select (select option_value from pg_options_to_table(c.reloptions) where option_name = ''autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor'') as value         from pg_class c where c.oid = '''|| table_name ||'''::REGCLASS;' into rel_anl_scale_factor;         --dbms_output.put_line('relTuples='||relTuples||'; sys_anl_threshold='||sys_anl_threshold||'; sys_anl_scale_factor='||sys_anl_scale_factor||'; rel_anl_threshold='||rel_anl_threshold||'; rel_anl_scale_factor='||rel_anl_scale_factor||';');        if rel_anl_threshold IS NOT NULL then            anl_threshold = rel_anl_threshold;        else            anl_threshold = sys_anl_threshold;        end if;        if rel_anl_scale_factor IS NOT NULL then            anl_scale_factor = rel_anl_scale_factor;        else            anl_scale_factor = sys_anl_scale_factor;        end if;
        if changedTuples > anl_threshold + anl_scale_factor * relTuples then            need_analyze := true;        end if;
        return need_analyze;    END; $$LANGUAGE 'plpgsql';
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 6.2 判断表是否需要 analyze(并行版,适用于支持并行执行框架的版本)
 -- the function for get all pg_stat_activity information in all CN of current cluster.--SELECT sum(a) FROM pg_catalog.pgxc_parallel_query('cn', 'SELECT 1::int FROM pg_class LIMIT 10') AS (a int); 利用并发执行框架CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION pg_catalog.pgxc_stat_table_need_analyze(in table_name text)RETURNS BOOlAS $$DECLARE    relTuples int4;    changedTuples int4:= 0;    rel_anl_threshold int4;    rel_anl_scale_factor float4;    sys_anl_threshold int4;    sys_anl_scale_factor float4;    anl_threshold int4;    anl_scale_factor float4;    need_analyze bool := false;    BEGIN        --Get all the node names        EXECUTE 'SELECT sum(a) FROM pg_catalog.pgxc_parallel_query(''cn'', ''SELECT pg_stat_get_tuples_changed(oid)::int4 from pg_class where relname = ''''|| table_name ||'''';'') AS (a int4);' into changedTuples;        EXECUTE 'select pg_stat_get_live_tuples(oid) from pg_class c where c.oid = '''|| table_name ||'''::REGCLASS;' into relTuples;
        EXECUTE 'show autovacuum_analyze_threshold;' into sys_anl_threshold;        EXECUTE 'show autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor;' into sys_anl_scale_factor;
        EXECUTE 'select (select option_value from pg_options_to_table(c.reloptions) where option_name = ''autovacuum_analyze_threshold'') as value         from pg_class c where c.oid = '''|| table_name ||'''::REGCLASS;' into rel_anl_threshold;
        EXECUTE 'select (select option_value from pg_options_to_table(c.reloptions) where option_name = ''autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor'') as value         from pg_class c where c.oid = '''|| table_name ||'''::REGCLASS;' into rel_anl_scale_factor;         dbms_output.put_line('relTuples='||relTuples||'; sys_anl_threshold='||sys_anl_threshold||'; sys_anl_scale_factor='||sys_anl_scale_factor||'; rel_anl_threshold='||rel_anl_threshold||'; rel_anl_scale_factor='||rel_anl_scale_factor||';');        if rel_anl_threshold IS NOT NULL then            anl_threshold = rel_anl_threshold;        else            anl_threshold = sys_anl_threshold;        end if;        if rel_anl_scale_factor IS NOT NULL then            anl_scale_factor = rel_anl_scale_factor;        else            anl_scale_factor = sys_anl_scale_factor;        end if;
        if changedTuples > anl_threshold + anl_scale_factor * relTuples then            need_analyze := true;        end if;
        return need_analyze;    END; $$LANGUAGE 'plpgsql';
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 6.3 判断表是否需要 analyze(自定义阈值)
 -- the function for get all pg_stat_activity information in all CN of current cluster.CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION pg_catalog.pgxc_stat_table_need_analyze(in table_name text, int anl_threshold, float anl_scale_factor)RETURNS BOOlAS $$DECLARE    relTuples int4;    changedTuples int4:= 0;    need_analyze bool := false;    BEGIN        --Get all the node names        EXECUTE 'SELECT sum(a) FROM pg_catalog.pgxc_parallel_query(''cn'', ''SELECT pg_stat_get_tuples_changed(oid)::int4 from pg_class where relname = ''''|| table_name ||'''';'') AS (a int4);' into changedTuples;        EXECUTE 'select pg_stat_get_live_tuples(oid) from pg_class c where c.oid = '''|| table_name ||'''::REGCLASS;' into relTuples;
        if changedTuples > anl_threshold + anl_scale_factor * relTuples then            need_analyze := true;        end if;
        return need_analyze;    END; $$LANGUAGE 'plpgsql';
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通“优化器触发的实时 analyze”和“后台 autovacuum 触发的轮询 analyze”,GaussDB(DWS)已经可以做到让用户不再关心表是否需要 analyze。建议在最新版本中试用。
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