如何使用 ansible 变量

command line values (eg “-u user”)role defaults [1]inventory file or script group vars [2]inventory group_vars/all [3]playbook group_vars/all [3]inventory group_vars/* [3]playbook group_vars/* [3]inventory file or script host vars [2]inventory host_vars/* [3]playbook host_vars/* [3]host facts / cached set_facts [4]play varsplay vars_promptplay vars_filesrole vars (defined in role/vars/main.yml)block vars (only for tasks in block)task vars (only for the task)include_varsset_facts / registered varsrole (and include_role) paramsinclude paramsextra vars (always win precedence)

ansible test70 -e "pkg=httpd" -m yum -a "name=httpd state=present"

$ vim install.yml ---- hosts: node  remote_user: root  tasks:    - name: install httpd service      yum: name={{ pkg }} state=present

ansible-playbook install.yml --extra-vars " pkg = httpd"ansible-playbook install.yml -i <指定ip或组> -e " pkg = httpd"

$ cat /etc/ansible/hosts[load-node]openstack-load1 openstack-load2
[compute-node]openstack-compute1 ansible_ssh_host=10.0.1.10 ansible_ssh_port=2002 ansible_ssh_user=stanley ansible_ssh_pass=etyfhzmweadfopenstack-compute2
[control-node]openstack-control1 filename=control1.txt    # 主机变量openstack-control2 filename=control2.txt
[openstack:children]load-nodecompute-nodecontrol-node
[openstack:vars]issue="Hello, World"    # 组变量

$ vim yaml/vars.yaml- hosts: compute-node  remote_user: root  vars:    pkg: httpd        # 定义变量  tasks:    - name: install httpd service      yum: name={{ pkg }} state=present

$ vim  /tmp/var.yamlpkg: httpd 

$ vim install.yml---- hosts: all  gather_facts: False  vars_files:    - /tmp/var.yaml  tasks:    - name: install httpd service      yum: name={{ pkg }} state=present

$ vim hello.yaml ---- name: hosts ip  hosts: 192.168.1.190  remote_user: root  vars:    client: liming     country: china   tasks:  - name: "echo a word"    debug:      msg: "Hello World, {{client}}, my {{country}} friend!"

$ ansible-playbook hello.yaml --syntax-check$ ansible-playbook hello.yamlPLAY [hosts ip] ****************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] *********************************************************************************************************************ok: [192.168.1.190]
TASK [echo a word] *************************************************************************************************************************ok: [192.168.1.190] => {    "msg": "Hello World, liming, my china friend!"}
PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************************************************************************192.168.1.190              : ok=2    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0   

$ ansible-playbook hello.yaml -e "client=xiaogang, country=japan"$ ansible-playbook hello.yaml -e '{"client": "xiaogang", "country": "japan"}'

$ vim hello.yaml---- name: hosts ip  hosts: localhost  remote_user: root  vars:    client: liming     country: china   tasks:  - name: "echo a word"    debug:      msg: "Hello World, {{client[0]}} {{client[1]}} and {{client[0]}},my {{country}} friends!"

$ ansible-playbook hello.yaml -e '{"client": ["xiaohua""john","hugo"], "country": "japan"}'

$ vim clientscountry: chinaclient:- liming- xiaogang- xuanzi

ansible-playbook hello.yaml -e "@clients"

$ vim print.yml---- hosts: test70  remote_user: root  vars_prompt:    - name: "your_name"      prompt: "What is your name"      private: no   #当该值为yes，则用户的输入不会被打印，否则反之。    - name: "your_age"      prompt: "How old are you"      private: no  tasks:   - name: output vars     debug:      msg: Your name is {{your_name}},You are {{your_age}} years old.

$ vim date.yaml---- hosts: localhost  remote_user: root  tasks:    - name: show date      shell: "/bin/date"      register: date        # 注册一个变量    - name: Record time log      shell: "echo {{ date.stdout }} > /tmp/date.log"

$ ansible-playbook date.yaml $ cat /tmp/date.log Mon Feb 17 00:23:47 CST 2020