数仓实践丨表扫描时过滤行数过多引起的性能瓶颈问题

2023-11-08
广东
本文字数：1950 字
阅读完需：约 6 分钟

本文分享自华为云社区《GaussDB(DWS)性能调优：表扫描时过滤行数过多引起的性能瓶颈问题案例》，作者： O 泡果奶~ 。

1、【问题描述】

SQL 语句执行过程中，对 12 亿数据量的大表进行扫描，过滤 99%的数据仅留 617 行数据，性能瓶颈位于扫描该表这里。

2、【原始语句】

set search_path = 'bi_dashboard';
WITH F_SRV_DB_DIM_PRD_D AS (SELECT EXTERNAL_NAME FROM ( SELECT MKT_NAME EXTERNAL_NAME  		       FROM BI_DASHBOARD.DM_MSS_ITEM_PRODUCT_D PRD		      WHERE PRD.COMPANY_BRAND =any(array[string_to_array('HUAWEI',',')])		            	          AND PRD.MKT_NAME =any(array[string_to_array('畅享 60,畅享 50,畅享 60X,畅享 60 Pro,畅享 50 Pro,畅享 50z,nova 10z,畅享 20e,畅享20 Pro,畅享 10e,畅享10 Plus,畅享20 SE,畅享10,nova 11i,畅享20 Plus,畅享9 Plus,畅享20 5G,nova Y90,畅享 10S,nova Y70,畅享Z,畅享 9S,nova 8 SE 活力版,麦芒9 5G,Y9s,麦芒9 5G',',')])	            ) WHERE EXTERNAL_NAME<>'SNULL' GROUP BY EXTERNAL_NAME),
V_PERIOD AS (  SELECT PERIOD_ID AS PERIOD_ID_M,         LEAST(TO_CHAR(PERIOD_END_DATE, 'YYYYMMDD'), '20230630') AS PERIOD_ID,         PERIOD_ID AS DATES    FROM BI_DASHBOARD.RPT_TML_ACCOUNT_PERIOD_D   WHERE PERIOD_TYPE = 'M'     AND PERIOD_ID BETWEEN 202207 AND 202306 ), V_DATA_BASE AS  (  SELECT A.PERIOD_ID,         IFNULL(A.CHANNEL_NAME, 'SNULL') AS DISTRIBUTOR_CHANNEL_NAME,         SUM(A.SO_QTY_MTD) AS SO_QTY,         SUM(DECODE(A.PERIOD_ID, 20230630, A.SO_QTY_MTD)) AS SO_QTY_ORDER select count(*)   FROM DM_MSS_CN_PC_REP_RP_ST_D_F A    INNER JOIN F_SRV_DB_DIM_PRD_D PRD       ON A.EXTERNAL_NAME = PRD.EXTERNAL_NAME   WHERE 1 = 1      AND A.CHANNEL_ID IN ('100013388802')      AND A.ORG_KEY IN (10000651)          AND A.SALES_FLAG IN ('1', '0')     AND A.PERIOD_ID IN (20220731,20221031,20220930,20220831,20221130,20221231,20230131,20230228,20230430,20230331,20230531,20230630)     AND (A.SO_QTY_MTD <> 0) -- 过滤所有日期SO_QTY为0的数据   GROUP BY A.PERIOD_ID,            IFNULL(A.CHANNEL_NAME, 'SNULL') ), V_DATA AS (  SELECT PERIOD_ID,         NVL(DISTRIBUTOR_CHANNEL_NAME, 'Total') AS DISTRIBUTOR_CHANNEL_NAME,         SUM(SO_QTY) AS SO_QTY,         SUM(SO_QTY_ORDER) AS SO_QTY_ORDER    FROM V_DATA_BASE A   GROUP BY GROUPING SETS ((PERIOD_ID), (PERIOD_ID, DISTRIBUTOR_CHANNEL_NAME)) )
  SELECT STRING_AGG(P.DATES, ',' ORDER BY P.PERIOD_ID_M) AS PERIOD_LIST,         B.DISTRIBUTOR_CHANNEL_NAME,         STRING_AGG(NVL(TO_CHAR(ROUND(A.SO_QTY)), '0'), ',' ORDER BY P.PERIOD_ID_M) AS SO_QTY    FROM V_PERIOD P    FULL JOIN (SELECT DISTINCT DISTRIBUTOR_CHANNEL_NAME FROM V_DATA) B      ON 1 = 1    LEFT JOIN V_DATA A      ON A.PERIOD_ID = P.PERIOD_ID     AND A.DISTRIBUTOR_CHANNEL_NAME = B.DISTRIBUTOR_CHANNEL_NAME   GROUP BY B.DISTRIBUTOR_CHANNEL_NAME   ORDER BY DECODE(B.DISTRIBUTOR_CHANNEL_NAME, 'Total', 0, 'SOURCE IS NULL', 2, '源为空', 3, 'SNULL', 4,  1),             SUM(A.SO_QTY_ORDER) DESC NULLS LAST   LIMIT 50 OFFSET 0

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3、【性能分析】

从上图的 performance 执行计划中可以看出（完整执行计划放在附件一），该 SQL 语句慢在扫描表 a（bi_dashboard.dm_mss_cn_pc_rep_rp_st_d_f_test）。扫描时过滤条件包括：sales_flag、so_qty_mtd、channel_id、org_key、period_id，该表上原本的局部聚簇键 PCK 只包含了 period_id，并没有包括其余三个过滤条件之一，因此，可以调整 PCK，以减少扫描表 a 的执行时间。

补充：局部聚簇键

局部聚簇 (Partial Cluster Key, 简称 PCK)，列存储下一种通过 min/max 稀疏索引实现基表快速扫描的索引技术。Partial Cluster Key 可以指定多列，但是一般不建议超过 2 列。PCK 适用于列存大表点查询加速。

另外，查看语句中 where 条件中 in 值较多（12 个），在 DWS 中，in 后面的条件默认就只能是 5 个,超过 6 个就过滤不下推，此时，可以用 or 将 12 个值改写

A.PERIOD_ID IN (20220731,20221031,20220930,20220831,20221130)or A.PERIOD_ID IN (20221231,20230131,20230228,20230430,20230331)or A.PERIOD_ID IN (20230531,20230630)

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