鸿蒙 Next 并发线程 TaskPool 使用
作者：auhgnixgnahz
- 2025-06-25 北京
本文字数：5923 字
阅读完需：约 19 分钟
ArkTS 提供了 TaskPool 与 Worker 两种多线程并发方案，当任务不需要长时间（3 分钟）占据后台线程，而是一个个独立的任务时，推荐使用 TaskPool，反之推荐使用 Worker。
使用 TaskPool 可以实现：
1.创建一个任务线程，执行一个耗时任务，并返回结果
2.一次执行一组任务，执行完成后，按照添加任务的顺序统一返回结果
3.执行一组需要串行执行的任务，任务依次执行，后一个任务在前一个任务结束后执行
4.在任务执行过程中向宿主线程发送消息并触发回调
看一下简单任务的功能演示：
创建任务 Task
例如，创建一个任务，执行从 0 加到 200，每次加 1，耗时 10ms
@Concurrentasync function taskPool1(text:number): Promise<number>{ for (let index = 0; index < 200; index++) { text++ await new Promise<void>(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 10)); // 每次循环增加10毫秒延时 } return text}//创建任务let task = new taskpool.Task(taskPool1,this.a)//执行taskpool.execute(task).then((value: Object)=>{ this.a = value as number })</void></number>复制代码
创建任务组 TaskGroup
如果所有任务正常执行，异步执行完毕后返回所有任务结果的数组，数组中元素的顺序与 addTask 的顺序相同，任务组执行时间和耗时最多的任务执行时间差不多，因此同时执行 3 个任务可以节省时间
let taskGroup: taskpool.TaskGroup = new taskpool.TaskGroup();let task1 = new taskpool.Task('task1',taskPool1,this.a)let task2 = new taskpool.Task('task2',taskPool2,this.b)let task3 = new taskpool.Task('task3',taskPool3,this.c)taskGroup.addTask(task1)taskGroup.addTask(task2)taskGroup.addTask(task3)let s = await taskpool.execute(taskGroup)
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创建串行队列的任务 SequenceRunner
串行队列的任务会依次执行，相当于同步任务
let task1 = new taskpool.Task( taskPool1,this.a)let task2 = new taskpool.Task( taskPool2,this.b)let task3 = new taskpool.Task( taskPool3,this.c)let runner:taskpool.SequenceRunner = new taskpool.SequenceRunner();runner.execute(task1).then((value: Object)=>{})runner.execute(task2).then((value: Object)=>{})runner.execute(task3).then((value: Object)=>{})
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任务依赖执行
例如有 3 个任务，创建任务时，设置 1 依赖 2，2 依赖 3，虽然先 execute 任务 1，但是结果是等任务 3 执行完之后，再执行任务 2，最后执行任务 1
let task1 = new taskpool.Task( taskPool1,this.a)let task2 = new taskpool.Task( taskPool2,this.b)let task3 = new taskpool.Task( taskPool3,this.c)task1.addDependency(task2)task2.addDependency(task3)taskpool.execute(task1)taskpool.execute(task2)taskpool.execute(task3)
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任务执行回调
当我们需要监听执行过程的某些参数，可以在任务中设置回调，发送到主线程中
@Concurrentasync function taskPool5(text:number): Promise<number>{ for (let index = 0; index < 100; index++) { text++//在任务执行过程中向宿主线程发送消息 taskpool.Task.sendData(text); await new Promise<void>(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 100)); // 每次循环增加10毫秒延时 } return text}let task = new taskpool.Task(taskPool5,this.g)taskpool.execute(task)task.onReceiveData((current:number)=>{ //接受回调结果})</void></number>复制代码
演示源码：
import { taskpool } from '@kit.ArkTS';
@Concurrentasync function taskPool1(text:number): Promise<number>{ for (let index = 0; index < 200; index++) { text++ await new Promise<void>(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 10)); // 每次循环增加10毫秒延时 }
return text}@Concurrentasync function taskPool2(text:number): Promise<number>{ for (let index = 0; index < 100; index++) { text++ await new Promise<void>(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 20)); // 每次循环增加20毫秒延时 }
return text}@Concurrentasync function taskPool3(text:number): Promise<number>{ for (let index = 0; index < 50; index++) { text++ await new Promise<void>(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 30)); // 每次循环增加30毫秒延时 }
return text}@Concurrentasync function taskPool4(args1: number, args2: number): Promise<number>{ await new Promise<void>(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 100)); // 每次循环增加30毫秒延时 return args1+args2}@Concurrentasync function taskPool5(text:number): Promise<number>{ for (let index = 0; index < 100; index++) { text++ taskpool.Task.sendData(text); await new Promise<void>(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 100)); // 每次循环增加10毫秒延时 }
return text}@Entry@ComponentV2struct TaskPoolTest { @Local a:number=0 @Local time1:number=0 @Local b:number=0 @Local time2:number=0 @Local c:number=0 @Local time3:number=0 @Local d:string='' @Local time4:number=0 @Local e:string='' @Local f:string='' @Local ac:string='' @Local g:number=0
build() { Column({space:10}){ Row({space:10}){ Text('a:'+this.a+'耗时:'+this.time1) Button('task1: a加到200 累加延时10ms').onClick(()=>{ this.a=0 let task = new taskpool.Task(taskPool1,this.a) let start = new Date().getTime() taskpool.execute(task).then((value: Object)=>{ console.info("taskpool result: " + value); this.a = value as number this.time1 = new Date().getTime() -start }) }) } Row({space:10}){ Text('b:'+this.b+'耗时:'+this.time2) Button('task2: b加到100 累加延时20ms').onClick(()=>{ this.b=0 let task = new taskpool.Task(taskPool2,this.b) let start = new Date().getTime() taskpool.execute(task).then((value: Object)=>{ console.info("taskpool result: " + value); this.b = value as number this.time2 = new Date().getTime() -start }) }) } Row({space:10}){ Text('c:'+this.c+'耗时:'+this.time3) Button('task3: c加到50 累加延时30ms').onClick(()=>{ this.c=0 let task = new taskpool.Task(taskPool3,this.c) let start = new Date().getTime() taskpool.execute(task).then((value: Object)=>{ console.info("taskpool result: " + value); this.c = value as number this.time3 = new Date().getTime() -start }) }) } Text('任务组执行:'+this.d+'耗时:'+this.time4) Row({space:10}){
Button('组内顺序:123').onClick(async ()=>{ this.a=0 this.b=0 this.c=0 let taskGroup: taskpool.TaskGroup = new taskpool.TaskGroup(); let start = new Date().getTime() let task1 = new taskpool.Task('task1',taskPool1,this.a) let task2 = new taskpool.Task('task2',taskPool2,this.b) let task3 = new taskpool.Task('task3',taskPool3,this.c) taskGroup.addTask(task1) taskGroup.addTask(task2) taskGroup.addTask(task3) let s = await taskpool.execute(taskGroup) this.d = s.toString() this.time4 = new Date().getTime() -start }) Button('组内顺序:321').onClick(async ()=>{ this.a=0 this.b=0 this.c=0 let taskGroup: taskpool.TaskGroup = new taskpool.TaskGroup(); let start = new Date().getTime() let task1 = new taskpool.Task('task1',taskPool1,this.a) let task2 = new taskpool.Task('task2',taskPool2,this.b) let task3 = new taskpool.Task('task3',taskPool3,this.c) taskGroup.addTask(task3) taskGroup.addTask(task2) taskGroup.addTask(task1) let s = await taskpool.execute(taskGroup) this.d = s.toString() this.time4 = new Date().getTime() -start }) }
Text('串行队列:\n'+this.e) Row({space:10}){ Button('串行执行123').onClick(()=>{ this.a=0 this.b=0 this.c=0 let start = new Date().getTime() let task1 = new taskpool.Task( taskPool1,this.a) let task2 = new taskpool.Task( taskPool2,this.b) let task3 = new taskpool.Task( taskPool3,this.c) let runner:taskpool.SequenceRunner = new taskpool.SequenceRunner(); runner.execute(task1).then((value: Object)=>{ this.e =this.e+ 'a:'+value+'耗时:'+(new Date().getTime() -start+'\n') }) runner.execute(task2).then((value: Object)=>{ this.e = this.e+'b:'+value+'耗时:'+(new Date().getTime() -start+'\n') }) runner.execute(task3).then((value: Object)=>{ this.e = this.e+'c:'+value+'耗时:'+(new Date().getTime() -start) }) }) Button('串行执行321').onClick(()=>{ this.a=0 this.b=0 this.c=0 let start = new Date().getTime() let task1 = new taskpool.Task( taskPool1,this.a) let task2 = new taskpool.Task( taskPool2,this.b) let task3 = new taskpool.Task( taskPool3,this.c) let runner:taskpool.SequenceRunner = new taskpool.SequenceRunner(); runner.execute(task3).then((value: Object)=>{ this.e = this.e+'c:'+value+'耗时:'+(new Date().getTime() -start+'\n') }) runner.execute(task2).then((value: Object)=>{ this.e = this.e+'b:'+value+'耗时:'+(new Date().getTime() -start+'\n') }) runner.execute(task1).then((value: Object)=>{ this.e =this.e+ 'a:'+value+'耗时:'+(new Date().getTime() -start) }) }) }
Text('依赖执行') Button('依赖执行123').onClick(()=>{ this.a=0 this.b=0 this.c=0 let start = new Date().getTime() let task1 = new taskpool.Task( taskPool1,this.a) let task2 = new taskpool.Task( taskPool2,this.b) let task3 = new taskpool.Task( taskPool3,this.c) task1.addDependency(task2) task2.addDependency(task3) taskpool.execute(task1).then((value) => { this.a = value as number this.time1 = new Date().getTime() -start }) taskpool.execute(task2).then((value) => { this.b = value as number this.time2 = new Date().getTime() -start }) taskpool.execute(task3).then((value) => { this.c = value as number this.time3 = new Date().getTime() -start }) })
Text('执行中回调'+this.g) Button('task5: g加到100 累加延时100ms').onClick(()=>{ this.g=0 let task = new taskpool.Task(taskPool5,this.g) taskpool.execute(task).then((value: Object)=>{ this.g = value as number }) task.onReceiveData((current:number)=>{ this.g=current }) })
Text('任务1、3、a+c:'+ this.ac) Row({space:10}){ Button('串行执行').onClick(async ()=>{ let start = new Date().getTime() this.a=0 this.c=0 let task1 = new taskpool.Task( taskPool1,this.a) let task2 = new taskpool.Task( taskPool3,this.c) this.a = await taskpool.execute(task1) as number this.c = await taskpool.execute(task2) as number let task3 = new taskpool.Task( taskPool4,this.a,this.c) this.ac = await taskpool.execute(task3) +'耗时:'+(new Date().getTime() -start) }) Button('分组执行').onClick(async ()=>{ let start = new Date().getTime() this.a=0 this.c=0 let taskGroup: taskpool.TaskGroup = new taskpool.TaskGroup(); let task1 = new taskpool.Task( taskPool1,this.a) let task2 = new taskpool.Task( taskPool3,this.c) taskGroup.addTask(task1) taskGroup.addTask(task2) let s= await taskpool.execute(taskGroup) let res = s.toString().split(',').map((item) => Number(item.trim()) as number); this.a = res[0] this.c = res[1] let task3 = new taskpool.Task( taskPool4,this.a,this.c) this.ac = await taskpool.execute(task3) +'耗时:'+(new Date().getTime() -start) })
} Row({space:10}){ Text('异步队列:AsyncRunner 5.1.0支持') } } .alignItems(HorizontalAlign.Start) .width('100%') }}</void></number></void></number></void></number></void></number></void></number>复制代码
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版权声明: 本文为 InfoQ 作者【auhgnixgnahz】的原创文章。
原文链接:【http://xie.infoq.cn/article/f2ac4a46a99906e266445e250】。文章转载请联系作者。
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