EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory),电可擦可编程只读存储器--一种掉电后数据不丢失的存储芯片。简而言之就是你想断电后 arduino 还要保存一些参数,就使用 EEPROM 吧。在各型号的 arduino 控制器上的 AVR 芯片均带有 EEPROM,也有外接的 EEPROM 芯片,常见 arduino 控制器的 EEPROM 大小:Arduino UNO、Arduino duemilanove-m328、Zduino m328 均使用 ATmega328 芯片,EEPROM 都为 1KArduino duemilanove-m168 的 EEPROM 为 512bytesArduino 2560 的 EEPROM 为 4K 下面我们介绍 arduino 自带的 EEPROM 使用方法,arduino 的库已经为我们准备好了 EEPROM 类库,我们要使用得先调用 EEPROM.h,然后使用 write 和 read 方法,即可操作 EEPROM。
另:下面的官方例子由于写成较早,所以讲 EEPROM 的大小都定为了 512 字节,实际使用中,大家可参照上面所说的 EEPROM 大小,自行更改。
1.写入
选择 File>Examples>EEPROM>eeprom_write
 
    /*    * EEPROM Write    *    * Stores values read from analog input 0 into the EEPROM.    * These values will stay in the EEPROM when the board is    * turned off and may be retrieved later by another sketch.    */
    #include <EEPROM.h>
    // EEPROM 的当前地址,即你将要写入的地址,这里就是从0开始写    int addr = 0;
    void setup()    {    }
    void loop()    {      //模拟值读出后是一个0-1024的值,但每字节的大小为0-255,所以这里将值除以4再存储到val      int val = analogRead(0) / 4;            // write the value to the appropriate byte of the EEPROM.      // these values will remain there when the board is      // turned off.      EEPROM.write(addr, val);            // advance to the next address.  there are 512 bytes in      // the EEPROM, so go back to 0 when we hit 512.      addr = addr + 1;      if (addr == 512)        addr = 0;            delay(100);    }
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 2.读取
选择 File>Examples>EEPROM>eeprom_read
 
    /*    * EEPROM Read    *    * Reads the value of each byte of the EEPROM and prints it    * to the computer.    * This example code is in the public domain.    */
    #include <EEPROM.h>
    // start reading from the first byte (address 0) of the EEPROM    int address = 0;    byte value;
    void setup()    {      // initialize serial and wait for port to open:      Serial.begin(9600);      while (!Serial) {        ; // wait for serial port to connect. Needed for Leonardo only      }    }
    void loop()    {      // read a byte from the current address of the EEPROM      value = EEPROM.read(address);            Serial.print(address);      Serial.print("\t");      Serial.print(value, DEC);      Serial.println();            // advance to the next address of the EEPROM      address = address + 1;            // there are only 512 bytes of EEPROM, from 0 to 511, so if we're      // on address 512, wrap around to address 0      if (address == 512)        address = 0;             delay(500);    }
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 3.清除
选择 File>Examples>EEPROM>eeprom_clear 清除 EEPROM 的内容,其实就是把 EEPROM 中每一个字节写入 0,因为只用清一次零,所以整个程序都在 setup 部分完成。
 
    /* * EEPROM Clear    *    * Sets all of the bytes of the EEPROM to 0.    * This example code is in the public domain.
    */    #include <EEPROM.h>
    void setup()    {      // 让EEPROM的512字节内容全部清零      for (int i = 0; i < 512; i++)        EEPROM.write(i, 0);             // 清零工作完成后,将L灯点亮,提示EEPROM清零完成      digitalWrite(13, HIGH);    }
    void loop()    {    }
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