作者： 清风明月原文来源：https://tidb.net/blog/f2201fd4
Kubernetes 上 TiDB 集群的数据备份到持久卷上。本文描述的持久卷，指任何 Kubernetes 支持的持久卷类型。本文以备份数据到网络文件系统存储为例。
常用场景
如果你对数据备份有以下要求，可考虑使用 BR 将 TiDB 集群数据以 Ad-hoc 备份(只执行一次) 或 定时快照备份(执行多次) 的方式备份至持久卷：
需要备份的数据量较大，而且要求备份速度较快
需要直接备份数据的 SST 文件（键值对）
注意
一、Ad-hoc 备份
d-hoc 备份支持快照备份与增量备份。Ad-hoc 备份通过创建一个自定义的 Backup custom resource (CR) 对象来描述一次备份。TiDB Operator 根据这个 Backup 对象来完成具体的备份过程。如果备份过程中出现错误，程序不会自动重试，此时需要手动处理。
本文档对 K8S 集群中命名空间为 tidb 下的 lqb 数据库集群进行备份，具体操作如下：
准备 Ad-hoc 备份环
1. 下载 backup-rbac.yaml
---kind: RoleapiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1metadata: name: tidb-backup-manager labels: app.kubernetes.io/component: tidb-backup-managerrules:- apiGroups: [""] resources: ["events"] verbs: ["*"]- apiGroups: ["pingcap.com"] resources: ["backups", "restores"] verbs: ["get", "watch", "list", "update"]
---kind: ServiceAccountapiVersion: v1metadata: name: tidb-backup-manager
---kind: RoleBindingapiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1metadata: name: tidb-backup-manager labels: app.kubernetes.io/component: tidb-backup-managersubjects:- kind: ServiceAccount name: tidb-backup-managerroleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: Role name: tidb-backup-manager
复制代码
2. 创建备份需要的 RBAC 相关资源在 tidb 命名空间下
[root@k8s-master]# kubectl apply -f backup-rbac.yaml -ntidbrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/tidb-backup-manager createdserviceaccount/tidb-backup-manager createdrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/tidb-backup-manager created
复制代码
3. 确保可以从 K8S 集群中访问用于存储备份数据的共享服务器，并且配置了 TiKV 挂载跟备份任务相同的本地目录
spec: tikv: baseImage: pingcap/tikv replicas: 4 maxFailoverCount: 6
#下边是配置tikv挂载nfs additionalVolumes: - name: nfs nfs: server: 172.16.5.194 path: /home/k8s-nfs additionalVolumeMounts: - name: nfs mountPath: /nfs
requests: cpu: "6c" storage: 12Gi memory: "400Mi" limits: cpu: "6c" memory: "12Gi" mountClusterClientSecret: false storageClassName: "local-hostpath"
复制代码
4. 备份数据到共享持久卷
1. 创建备份的自定义资源CR，将数据备份到共享存储卷
##以下以备份yz数据库为例[root@k8s-master backup]# cat backup-nfs.yaml---apiVersion: pingcap.com/v1alpha1kind: Backupmetadata: name: demo1-backup-nfs namespace: tidbspec: tableFilter: - "yz.*"
br: cluster: yz clusterNamespace: tidb
local: prefix: backup-nfs volume: name: nfs nfs: server: 172.16.5.194 path: /home/k8s-nfs volumeMount: name: nfs mountPath: /nfs
2. 创建应用配置[root@k8s-master]# kubectl apply -f backup-nfs.yamlbackup.pingcap.com/demo1-backup-nfs created
3.查看备份状态和备份文件[root@k8s-master]# kubectl get bk -n tidb -owide -wNAME TYPE MODE STATUS BACKUPPATH BACKUPSIZE COMMITTS LOGTRUNCATEUNTIL STARTED COMPLETED AGEdemo1-backup-nfs snapshot Running local:///nfs/backup-nfs 57sdemo1-backup-nfs snapshot Complete local:///nfs/backup-nfs 2.8 GB 439178019024666631 68s 0s 72s
[root@k8s-master]ls /home/k8s-nfs/backup-nfs/de1 20001 39461 4 backup.lock backupmeta checkpoint.meta checkpoints
复制代码
5. 备份实例
5.1 备份全部集群数据
---apiVersion: pingcap.com/v1alpha1kind: Backupmetadata: name: demo1-backup-nfs namespace: test1spec: br: cluster: demo1 clusterNamespace: test1 local: prefix: backup-nfs volume: name: nfs nfs: server: ${nfs_server_ip} path: /home/k8s-nfs volumeMount: name: nfs mountPath: /nfs
复制代码
5.2. 备份单个数据库的数据
---apiVersion: pingcap.com/v1alpha1kind: Backupmetadata: name: demo1-backup-nfs namespace: test1spec: tableFilter: - "db1.*" br: cluster: demo1 clusterNamespace: test1 local: prefix: backup-nfs volume: name: nfs nfs: server: ${nfs_server_ip} path: /home/k8s-nfs volumeMount: name: nfs mountPath: /nfs
复制代码
5.3. 备份单张表的数据
---apiVersion: pingcap.com/v1alpha1kind: Backupmetadata: name: demo1-backup-nfs namespace: test1spec: tableFilter: - "db1.table1" br: cluster: demo1 clusterNamespace: test1 local: prefix: backup-nfs volume: name: nfs nfs: server: ${nfs_server_ip} path: /home/k8s-nfs volumeMount: name: nfs mountPath: /nfs
复制代码
5.4. 使用表库过滤功能备份多张表的数据
---apiVersion: pingcap.com/v1alpha1kind: Backupmetadata: name: demo1-backup-nfs namespace: test1spec: tableFilter: - "db1.table1" - "db1.table2" br: cluster: demo1 clusterNamespace: test1 local: prefix: backup-nfs volume: name: nfs nfs: server: ${nfs_server_ip} path: /home/k8s-nfs volumeMount: name: nfs mountPath: /nfs
复制代码
二、查看备份状态和备份文件
[root@k8s-master backup]# kubectl get bks -n tidb -owideNAME SCHEDULE MAXBACKUPS LASTBACKUP LASTBACKUPTIME AGEdemo1-backup-schedule-nfs */2 * * * * 9sNAME SCHEDULE MAXBACKUPS LASTBACKUP LASTBACKUPTIME AGEdemo1-backup-schedule-nfs */2 * * * * 46s
demo1-backup-schedule-nfs */2 * * * * demo1-backup-schedule-nfs-2024-02-02t10-16-00 6s 89sdemo1-backup-schedule-nfs */2 * * * * demo1-backup-schedule-nfs-2024-02-02t10-18-00 6s 3m29sdemo1-backup-schedule-nfs */2 * * * * demo1-backup-schedule-nfs-2024-02-02t10-20-00 6s 5m29sdemo1-backup-schedule-nfs */2 * * * * demo1-backup-schedule-nfs-2024-02-02t10-22-00 6s 7m29sdemo1-backup-schedule-nfs */2 * * * * demo1-backup-schedule-nfs-2024-02-02t10-24-00 6s 9m29s
[root@k8s-master ~]# ls /home/k8s-nfs/backup-nfs/yz-pd.tidb-2379-2024-02-02t10-16-00/1 20001 39461 4 backup.lock backupmeta checkpoint.meta checkpoints
复制代码
三、删除备份的 Backup CR
kubectl delete backup ${name} -n ${namespace}kubectl delete backupschedule ${name} -n ${namespace}
复制代码
评论