前言:
insert into t2 select * from t1;
这条语句会对查询表 t1 加锁吗?不要轻易下结论。对 GreatSQL 的锁进行研究之前,首先要确认一下事务的隔离级别,不同的事务隔离级别,锁的表现是不一样的。
实验:
创建测试表 t1,t2
greatsql> create table t1(id int primary key ,c1 varchar(10),c2 datetime,key idx_c1(c1));
greatsql> create table t2 like t1;
# id 列为主键,c1列上有普通索引
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创建存储过程,向 t1 表插入测试数据
greatsql> delimiter //
CREATE or replace PROCEDURE p1()
BEGIN
DECLARE p1 int default 0;
while p1<5 do
insert into t1(id,c1,c2) values(p1*2,round(rand()*10000),now());
SET p1 = p1 + 1;
end while;
END;
//
delimiter ;
greatsql> call p1;
greatsql> select * from t1;
+----+------+---------------------+
| id | c1 | c2 |
+----+------+---------------------+
| 0 | 2660 | 2024-02-21 15:45:00 |
| 2 | 4627 | 2024-02-21 15:45:00 |
| 4 | 5158 | 2024-02-21 15:45:00 |
| 6 | 1907 | 2024-02-21 15:45:00 |
| 8 | 4061 | 2024-02-21 15:45:00 |
+----+------+---------------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
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REPEATABLE-READ 隔离级别:
查询当前事务隔离级别:
greatsql> show variables like 'transaction_isolation';
+-----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-----------------------+-----------------+
| transaction_isolation | REPEATABLE-READ |
+-----------------------+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
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connection 1:
greatsql> select ps_current_thread_id();
+------------------------+
| ps_current_thread_id() |
+------------------------+
| 92 |
+------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
greatsql> begin;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
greatsql> insert into t2 select * from t1;
Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 5 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
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connection2:
greatsql> select ps_current_thread_id();
+------------------------+
| ps_current_thread_id() |
+------------------------+
| 93 |
+------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
greatsql> begin;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
greatsql> insert into t1(id,c1) values(1,'a');
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connection3:
greatsql> select THREAD_ID,OBJECT_NAME,INDEX_NAME,LOCK_TYPE,LOCK_MODE,LOCK_STATUS,LOCK_DATA from data_locks;
+-----------+-------------+------------+-----------+------------------------+-------------+------------------------+
| THREAD_ID | OBJECT_NAME | INDEX_NAME | LOCK_TYPE | LOCK_MODE | LOCK_STATUS | LOCK_DATA |
+-----------+-------------+------------+-----------+------------------------+-------------+------------------------+
| 93 | t1 | NULL | TABLE | IX | GRANTED | NULL |
| 93 | t1 | PRIMARY | RECORD | X,GAP,INSERT_INTENTION | WAITING | 2 |
| 92 | t2 | NULL | TABLE | IX | GRANTED | NULL |
| 92 | t1 | NULL | TABLE | IS | GRANTED | NULL |
| 92 | t1 | PRIMARY | RECORD | S | GRANTED | supremum pseudo-record |
| 92 | t1 | PRIMARY | RECORD | S | GRANTED | 0 |
| 92 | t1 | PRIMARY | RECORD | S | GRANTED | 2 |
| 92 | t1 | PRIMARY | RECORD | S | GRANTED | 4 |
| 92 | t1 | PRIMARY | RECORD | S | GRANTED | 6 |
| 92 | t1 | PRIMARY | RECORD | S | GRANTED | 8 |
+-----------+-------------+------------+-----------+------------------------+-------------+------------------------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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connection1
的语句中 select 的表 t1 上每条记录及最大伪记录supremum pseudo-record
都加了 S 锁,这个 S 锁是nextkey lock锁
,当connection2
试图向 t1 表中插入一条表中不存在的数据时也会被阻塞,connect1
的 S 锁与connect2
需要的 X,GAP,INSERT_INTENTION锁
不兼容。
在 REPEATABLE-READ 隔离级别下,INSERT ... SELECT
操作并未采用 MVCC 来保证事务一致性和隔离性,而是使用了锁机制。
加锁的目的是确保事务在读取数据时能够看到一个一致的数据快照。如果在执行 INSERT ... SELECT
时不加锁,那么可能会出现以下情况:
不可重复读:如果在 INSERT ... SELECT
执行期间,另一个事务修改了被查询的数据,那么 INSERT ... SELECT 可能会读取到不同的数据,导致插入的数据不一致。
幻读:在某些情况下,另一个事务可能会在 INSERT ... SELECT
执行期间插入新的行,导致插入操作插入到不应该插入的行。
通过加锁,InnoDB 能够确保 INSERT ... SELECT
语句在执行期间读取到的数据是一致的,并且不会被其他事务修改,从而维护了事务的隔离性和一致性。尽管 MVCC 可以在大多数情况下提供高效的数据读取和写入,但它并不能完全替代锁机制。在 INSERT ... SELECT
这样的操作中,使用 MVCC 可能无法提供足够的保证。
READ-COMMITTED 隔离级别
查询当前事务隔离级别:
greatsql> show variables like 'transaction_isolation';
+-----------------------+----------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-----------------------+----------------+
| transaction_isolation | READ-COMMITTED |
+-----------------------+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
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connection 1
greatsql> begin;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
greatsql> insert into t2 select * from t1;
Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 5 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
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connection 2
greatsql> begin;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
greatsql> insert into t1(id,c1) values(1,'a');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
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connection3
greatsql> select THREAD_ID,OBJECT_NAME,INDEX_NAME,LOCK_TYPE,LOCK_MODE,LOCK_STATUS,LOCK_DATA from data_locks;
+-----------+-------------+------------+-----------+-----------+-------------+-----------+
| THREAD_ID | OBJECT_NAME | INDEX_NAME | LOCK_TYPE | LOCK_MODE | LOCK_STATUS | LOCK_DATA |
+-----------+-------------+------------+-----------+-----------+-------------+-----------+
| 104 | t1 | NULL | TABLE | IX | GRANTED | NULL |
| 103 | t2 | NULL | TABLE | IX | GRANTED | NULL |
+-----------+-------------+------------+-----------+-----------+-------------+-----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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可以看出事务隔离级别设置为 READ-COMMITTED 后,表现截然不同。connection2 并没有被阻塞,两个会话持有的锁都只有插入表意向排他锁(IX)。
结论:
INSERT...SELECT
语句是否对查询表加锁跟事务隔离级别有关,REPEATABLE-READ 隔离级别下加共享读锁,此共享读锁属于 Nextkey lock,会影响其他事务对查询表的 DML 操作;READ-COMMITTED 下不加锁,不影响其他事务对表进行 DML 操作。
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