从零开始：用 Python 和 Gemini 3 四步搭建你自己的 AI Agent

很多人第一次看到 AI Agent 自己编辑文件、跑代码、修 bug，还能一直运行下去的时候,都觉得挺神奇。其实远没有想象中那么复杂。这里没什么秘密算法,也没有什么"智能体大脑"这种玄学概念。

AI Agent 核心就三件事：循环 + LLM + 工具函数。

如果你会写个

while True 循环？那基本就算成功一半了。

这篇文章会完整展示怎么用 Gemini 3 搭一个真正能用的 Agent：从最基础的 API 调用,到一个能读写文件、理解需求的命令行助手。

Agent 到底是什么传统程序就是流程图那一套：步骤 A → 步骤 B → 步骤 C → 结束。

而 Agent 不一样,它会根据当前状况决定下一步干什么。可以理解成围绕 LLM 搭的一个小系统,比如说：

规划任务执行操作根据结果调整循环往复直到搞定所以不是写死的脚本,更像是个会思考的循环。

不管多复杂的 Agent,都逃不开这四个部分：

1、模型 负责思考

这里用的是 Gemini 3 Pro。它可以分析用户需求,决定接下来该做什么。

2、工具 负责执行

就是一堆函数：读文件、列目录、发邮件、调 API...想加什么加什么。

3、上下文工作记忆

模型当前能看到的所有信息，怎么管理这块内容,业内叫 Context Engineering。

4、循环 运转机制

观察 → 思考 → 行动 → 重复,一直到任务完成。

就这么四块,没别的了。

循环的运行逻辑几乎所有 Agent 都是这个流程：

先把可用的工具描述给模型看,然后把用户请求和工具定义一起发给模型。模型会做决策：要么直接回复,要么调用某个工具并传参数。

但是你要写代码负责在 Python 里执行这个工具。

执行完把结果喂回给 Gemini。

模型拿到新信息后继续判断下一步。

就这样循环,直到模型觉得任务完成了。

下面我们开始写：

第一步：基础聊天机器人

先写个 Gemini 3 API 的简单封装 ，其实就是个能记住对话的类。

from google import genai

from google.genai import types

class Agent:

def init(self, model: str):

self.model = model

self.client = genai.Client()

self.contents = []

def run(self, contents: str):      self.contents.append({"role": "user", "parts": [{"text": contents}]})  
    response = self.client.models.generate_content(          model=self.model,          contents=self.contents      )  
    self.contents.append(response.candidates[0].content)      return response  

agent = Agent(model="gemini-3-pro-preview")

response1 = agent.run(

"Hello, what are the top 3 cities in Germany to visit? Only return the names."

)

print(response1.text)上面代码能跑,但是就是个聊天机器人。它啥也干不了,因为没有"手"。

第二步：加入工具函数

工具其实就是 Python 函数 + 一段 JSON schema 描述。描述是给 Gemini 看的,让它知道这个函数能干啥。

这里加三个简单的：

read_file - 读文件 write_file - 写文件 list_dir - 列目录先写定义：

read_file_definition = {

"name": "read_file",

"description": "Reads a file and returns its contents.",

"parameters": {

"type": "object",

"properties": {

"file_path": {"type": "string"}

},

"required": ["file_path"],

},

}

list_dir_definition = {

"name": "list_dir",

"description": "Lists the files in a directory.",

"parameters": {

"type": "object",

"properties": {

"directory_path": {"type": "string"}

},

"required": ["directory_path"],

},

}

write_file_definition = {

"name": "write_file",

"description": "Writes contents to a file.",

"parameters": {

"type": "object",

"properties": {

"file_path": {"type": "string"},

"contents": {"type": "string"},

},

"required": ["file_path", "contents"],

},

}然后是实际的 Python 实现：

def read_file(file_path: str) -> dict:

with open(file_path, "r") as f:

return f.read()

def write_file(file_path: str, contents: str) -> bool:

with open(file_path, "w") as f:

f.write(contents)

return True

def list_dir(directory_path: str) -> list[str]:

return os.listdir(directory_path)打包一下就搞定了：

file_tools = {

"read_file": {"definition": read_file_definition, "function": read_file},

"write_file": {"definition": write_file_definition, "function": write_file},

"list_dir": {"definition": list_dir_definition, "function": list_dir},

}第三步：真正的 Agent

现在把 Agent 类扩展一下,让它能：

识别工具调用在 Python 里执行对应的函数把结果传回 Gemini 继续循环直到完成 class Agent:

def init(self, model: str, tools: dict,

system_instruction="You are a helpful assistant."):

self.model = model

self.client = genai.Client()

self.contents = []

self.tools = tools

self.system_instruction = system_instruction

def run(self, contents):      # Add user input to history      if isinstance(contents, list):          self.contents.append({"role": "user", "parts": contents})      else:          self.contents.append({"role": "user", "parts": [{"text": contents}]})  
    config = types.GenerateContentConfig(          system_instruction=self.system_instruction,          tools=[types.Tool(              function_declarations=[                  tool["definition"] for tool in self.tools.values()              ]          )],      )  
    response = self.client.models.generate_content(          model=self.model,          contents=self.contents,          config=config      )  
    # Save model output      self.contents.append(response.candidates[0].content)  
    # If model wants to call tools      if response.function_calls:          functions_response_parts = []  
        for tool_call in response.function_calls:              print(f"[Function Call] {tool_call}")  
            if tool_call.name in self.tools:                  result = {"result": self.tools[tool_call.name]["function"](**tool_call.args)}              else:                  result = {"error": "Tool not found"}  
            print(f"[Function Response] {result}")  
            functions_response_parts.append(                  {"functionResponse": {"name": tool_call.name, "response": result}}              )  
        # Feed tool results back to the model          return self.run(functions_response_parts)             return response

这样就可以跑一下试试了：

agent = Agent(

model="gemini-3-pro-preview",

tools=file_tools,

system_instruction="You are a helpful Coding Assistant. Respond like Linus Torvalds."

)

response = agent.run("Can you list my files in the current directory?")

print(response.text)如果没问题,Gemini 会调工具,拿到结果,然后给出最终回复。

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https://vk.com/topic-233807911_55616834

https://vk.com/topic-233807901_55616833

https://vk.com/topic-233807904_54055593

https://vk.com/topic-233807910_55139727

https://vk.com/topic-233807905_53940234

https://vk.com/topic-233807903_54352741

https://vk.com/topic-233807908_54546546

https://vk.com/topic-233807902_54728154

https://vk.com/topic-233807906_54426630

https://vk.com/topic-233807911_55616832

https://vk.com/topic-233807901_55616831

https://vk.com/topic-233807904_54055592

https://vk.com/topic-233807910_55139726

https://vk.com/topic-233807905_53940232

https://vk.com/topic-233807903_54352740

https://vk.com/topic-233807908_54546545

https://vk.com/topic-233807902_54728152

https://vk.com/topic-233807906_54426629

https://vk.com/topic-233807911_55616830

https://vk.com/topic-233807901_55616829

https://vk.com/topic-233807904_54055590

https://vk.com/topic-233807905_53940231

https://vk.com/topic-233807910_55139725

https://vk.com/topic-233807903_54352739

https://vk.com/topic-233807908_54546543

https://vk.com/topic-233807902_54728151

https://vk.com/topic-233807906_54426628

https://vk.com/topic-233807911_55616828

https://vk.com/topic-233807901_55616827

https://vk.com/topic-233807904_54055589

https://vk.com/topic-233807905_53940230

https://vk.com/topic-233807910_55139723

https://vk.com/topic-233807903_54352738

https://vk.com/topic-233807908_54546541

https://vk.com/topic-233807902_54728150

https://vk.com/topic-233807901_55616826

https://vk.com/topic-233807911_55616825

https://vk.com/topic-233807904_54055588

https://vk.com/topic-233807910_55139721

https://vk.com/topic-233807906_54426627

https://vk.com/topic-233807903_54352737

https://vk.com/topic-233807908_54546540

https://vk.com/topic-233807905_53940229

https://vk.com/topic-233807902_54728149

https://vk.com/topic-233807911_55616824

https://vk.com/topic-233807904_54055586

https://vk.com/topic-233807901_55616823

https://vk.com/topic-233807906_54426626

https://vk.com/topic-233807903_54352736

https://vk.com/topic-233807910_55139720

https://vk.com/topic-233807902_54728148

https://vk.com/topic-233805839_54765172

https://vk.com/topic-233805839_54765171

https://vk.com/topic-233805838_54546482

https://vk.com/topic-233805839_54765170

https://vk.com/topic-233805841_55616735

https://vk.com/topic-233805840_55139639

https://vk.com/topic-233805838_54546480

https://vk.com/topic-233805839_54765169

https://vk.com/topic-233805841_55616734

https://vk.com/topic-233805840_55139638

https://vk.com/topic-233805838_54546479

https://vk.com/topic-233805839_54765168

https://vk.com/topic-233805841_55616733

https://vk.com/topic-233805840_55139637

https://vk.com/topic-233805838_54546478

https://vk.com/topic-233805839_54765167

https://vk.com/topic-233805841_55616732

https://vk.com/topic-233805840_55139633

https://vk.com/topic-233805838_54546476

https://vk.com/topic-233805839_54765165

到这一步,一个能用的 Agent 就搭好了。

第四步：包装成命令行工具

最后我们在再套个输入循环就行：

agent = Agent(

model="gemini-3-pro-preview",

tools=file_tools,

system_instruction="You are a helpful Coding Assistant. Respond like Linus Torvalds."

)

print("Agent ready. Type something (or 'exit').")

while True:

user_input = input("You: ")

if user_input.lower() in ['exit', 'quit']:

break

response = agent.run(user_input)   print("Linus:", response.text, "\n")

代码很少但是效果已经相当不错了。

总结搭 Agent 一开始看着挺唬人,但理解了结构之后,会发现简单得有点无聊。往简单了说，它就是个循环。一个里面跑着聪明模型的循环。明白这点之后,你就能造出看起来"有生命"的 Agent 了。