全部标签
写点什么
MySQLOpenHarmony云计算程序员行业资讯算法Python人工智能区块链Linux前端个人成长面试架构师编程企业动态新基建敏捷安全读书笔记高效工作团队管理创业生涯规划知识管理运维产品经理 查看更多

查看 Docker 容器的信息

作者：程序员欣宸
  • 2022 年 5 月 25 日

  • 本文字数：8206 字

    阅读完需：约 27 分钟

查看Docker容器的信息

欢迎访问我的 GitHub

这里分类和汇总了欣宸的全部原创(含配套源码)：https://github.com/zq2599/blog_demos


  • 对于运行在 Docker 环境的容器，有时我们想查询它们的一些基本信息，例如环境变量、hostname、ip 地址等，接下来我们以一个 tomcat 容器为例，看看有哪些方式来取得这些信息；

创建 tomcat 容器

  • 在 docker 环境下执行如下命令，即可创建一个名为 tomcat001 的 tomcat 容器：


docker run --name tomcat001 -idt tomcat
复制代码


  • 执行 docker ps 检查一下，容器创建成功：


root@maven:~# docker psCONTAINER ID    IMAGE   COMMAND             CREATED         STATUS          PORTS       NAMES98d119ed4c73    tomcat  "catalina.sh run"   10 minutes ago  Up 10 minutes   8080/tcp    tomcat001
复制代码


  • 获取信息常用的方式有如下三种：


  1. 进入容器内部获取信息；

  2. 执行 docker exec 命令；

  3. 执行 docker inspect -f 命令**（推荐方式）**；

第一种：进入容器内部获取信息

  • 执行以下命令可进入容器内部：


docker exec -it tomcat001 /bin/bash
复制代码


  • 此时已进入容器内部，所以分别执行 hostname、ip addr、env 这三个命令可以获取相关信息，如下：


root@98d119ed4c73:/usr/local/tomcat# hostname98d119ed4c73root@98d119ed4c73:/usr/local/tomcat# ip addr1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever    inet6 ::1/128 scope host        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever17: eth0@if18: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default     link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:05 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0    inet 172.17.0.5/16 scope global eth0       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever    inet6 fe80::42:acff:fe11:5/64 scope link        valid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverroot@98d119ed4c73:/usr/local/tomcat# envLD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/tomcat/native-jni-libCATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcatLANG=C.UTF-8HOSTNAME=98d119ed4c73OPENSSL_VERSION=1.1.0f-3+deb9u1TOMCAT_VERSION=8.5.24GPG_KEYS=05AB33110949707C93A279E3D3EFE6B686867BA6 07E48665A34DCAFAE522E5E6266191C37C037D42 47309207D818FFD8DCD3F83F1931D684307A10A5 541FBE7D8F78B25E055DDEE13C370389288584E7 61B832AC2F1C5A90F0F9B00A1C506407564C17A3 713DA88BE50911535FE716F5208B0AB1D63011C7 79F7026C690BAA50B92CD8B66A3AD3F4F22C4FED 9BA44C2621385CB966EBA586F72C284D731FABEE A27677289986DB50844682F8ACB77FC2E86E29AC A9C5DF4D22E99998D9875A5110C01C5A2F6059E7 DCFD35E0BF8CA7344752DE8B6FB21E8933C60243 F3A04C595DB5B6A5F1ECA43E3B7BBB100D811BBE F7DA48BB64BCB84ECBA7EE6935CD23C10D498E23JAVA_HOME=/docker-java-home/jreTOMCAT_NATIVE_LIBDIR=/usr/local/tomcat/native-jni-libJAVA_VERSION=8u151PWD=/usr/local/tomcatHOME=/rootCA_CERTIFICATES_JAVA_VERSION=20170531+nmu1TOMCAT_MAJOR=8JAVA_DEBIAN_VERSION=8u151-b12-1~deb9u1TOMCAT_SHA1=9e26ba61c5665aafc849073edeb769be555283cdTERM=xtermSHLVL=1TOMCAT_ASC_URLS=https://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi?action=download&filename=tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.24/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.24.tar.gz.asc      https://www-us.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.24/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.24.tar.gz.asc    https://www.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.24/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.24.tar.gz.asc       https://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.24/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.24.tar.gz.ascPATH=/usr/local/tomcat/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/binTOMCAT_TGZ_URLS=https://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi?action=download&filename=tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.24/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.24.tar.gz  https://www-us.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.24/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.24.tar.gz        https://www.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.24/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.24.tar.gz   https://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.24/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.24.tar.gz_=/usr/bin/env
复制代码

第二种：执行 docker exec 命令

  • 不用进入容器，直接在 docker 环境执行 docker exec 容器名 容器内命令的方式也可以获取相关信息，举例如下：


  1. 获取容器的 hostname：docker exec tomcat001 hostname

  2. 获取容器 ip 地址：docker exec tomcat001 ip addr

  3. 获取容器环境变量：docker exec tomcat001 env


  • 执行结果如下所示:


root@maven:~# docker exec tomcat001 hostname98d119ed4c73root@maven:~# docker exec tomcat001 ip addr1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever    inet6 ::1/128 scope host        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever17: eth0@if18: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default     link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:05 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0    inet 172.17.0.5/16 scope global eth0       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever    inet6 fe80::42:acff:fe11:5/64 scope link        valid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverroot@maven:~# docker exec tomcat001 envPATH=/usr/local/tomcat/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/binHOSTNAME=98d119ed4c73LANG=C.UTF-8JAVA_HOME=/docker-java-home/jreJAVA_VERSION=8u151JAVA_DEBIAN_VERSION=8u151-b12-1~deb9u1CA_CERTIFICATES_JAVA_VERSION=20170531+nmu1CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcatTOMCAT_NATIVE_LIBDIR=/usr/local/tomcat/native-jni-libLD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/tomcat/native-jni-libOPENSSL_VERSION=1.1.0f-3+deb9u1GPG_KEYS=05AB33110949707C93A279E3D3EFE6B686867BA6 07E48665A34DCAFAE522E5E6266191C37C037D42 47309207D818FFD8DCD3F83F1931D684307A10A5 541FBE7D8F78B25E055DDEE13C370389288584E7 61B832AC2F1C5A90F0F9B00A1C506407564C17A3 713DA88BE50911535FE716F5208B0AB1D63011C7 79F7026C690BAA50B92CD8B66A3AD3F4F22C4FED 9BA44C2621385CB966EBA586F72C284D731FABEE A27677289986DB50844682F8ACB77FC2E86E29AC A9C5DF4D22E99998D9875A5110C01C5A2F6059E7 DCFD35E0BF8CA7344752DE8B6FB21E8933C60243 F3A04C595DB5B6A5F1ECA43E3B7BBB100D811BBE F7DA48BB64BCB84ECBA7EE6935CD23C10D498E23TOMCAT_MAJOR=8TOMCAT_VERSION=8.5.24TOMCAT_SHA1=9e26ba61c5665aafc849073edeb769be555283cdTOMCAT_TGZ_URLS=https://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi?action=download&filename=tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.24/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.24.tar.gz  https://www-us.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.24/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.24.tar.gz        https://www.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.24/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.24.tar.gz   https://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.24/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.24.tar.gzTOMCAT_ASC_URLS=https://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi?action=download&filename=tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.24/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.24.tar.gz.asc      https://www-us.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.24/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.24.tar.gz.asc    https://www.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.24/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.24.tar.gz.asc       https://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.24/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.24.tar.gz.ascHOME=/root
复制代码

第三种：使用 docker inspect 命令

  • 推荐使用 docker inspect 来获取信息，这个命令会返回一个 json 字符串，里面以 key-value 的格式准备了该容器相关的信息，内容十分丰富，可以一次性取得全部内容，也可以返回指定 key 对应的信息；

  • 我们先来看看所有内容，执行命令 docker inspect tomcat001，可以看到如下信息：


root@maven:~# docker inspect tomcat001[    {        "Id": "98d119ed4c73c750e53353e77f7c6942803809a9d5dedc28d8b0f41ce58b8b17",        "Created": "2018-05-06T07:39:45.464492435Z",        "Path": "catalina.sh",        "Args": [            "run"        ],        "State": {            "Status": "running",            "Running": true,            "Paused": false,            "Restarting": false,            "OOMKilled": false,            "Dead": false,            "Pid": 22468,            "ExitCode": 0,            "Error": "",            "StartedAt": "2018-05-06T07:39:46.143092505Z",            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"        },        "Image": "sha256:3dcfe809147daf54fbdbe1f6886b4c49df63f28e2b3c8ac119fef6a7f7490d3c",        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/98d119ed4c73c750e53353e77f7c6942803809a9d5dedc28d8b0f41ce58b8b17/resolv.conf",        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/98d119ed4c73c750e53353e77f7c6942803809a9d5dedc28d8b0f41ce58b8b17/hostname",        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/98d119ed4c73c750e53353e77f7c6942803809a9d5dedc28d8b0f41ce58b8b17/hosts",        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/98d119ed4c73c750e53353e77f7c6942803809a9d5dedc28d8b0f41ce58b8b17/98d119ed4c73c750e53353e77f7c6942803809a9d5dedc28d8b0f41ce58b8b17-json.log",        "Name": "/tomcat001",        "RestartCount": 0,        "Driver": "aufs",        "MountLabel": "",        "ProcessLabel": "",        "AppArmorProfile": "",        "ExecIDs": [            "cffec99f38514024f6a6e31e0e160d37d295041e4813a2245466be2dbc9c4037"        ],        "HostConfig": {            "Binds": null,            "ContainerIDFile": "",            "LogConfig": {                "Type": "json-file",                "Config": {}            },            "NetworkMode": "default",            "PortBindings": {},            "RestartPolicy": {                "Name": "no",                "MaximumRetryCount": 0            },            "AutoRemove": false,            "VolumeDriver": "",            "VolumesFrom": null,            "CapAdd": null,            "CapDrop": null,            "Dns": [],            "DnsOptions": [],            "DnsSearch": [],            "ExtraHosts": null,            "GroupAdd": null,            "IpcMode": "",            "Cgroup": "",            "Links": null,            "OomScoreAdj": 0,            "PidMode": "",            "Privileged": false,            "PublishAllPorts": false,            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,            "SecurityOpt": null,            "UTSMode": "",            "UsernsMode": "",            "ShmSize": 67108864,            "Runtime": "runc",            "ConsoleSize": [                0,                0            ],            "Isolation": "",            "CpuShares": 0,            "Memory": 0,            "NanoCpus": 0,            "CgroupParent": "",            "BlkioWeight": 0,            "BlkioWeightDevice": null,            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,            "CpuPeriod": 0,            "CpuQuota": 0,            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,            "CpusetCpus": "",            "CpusetMems": "",            "Devices": [],            "DiskQuota": 0,            "KernelMemory": 0,            "MemoryReservation": 0,            "MemorySwap": 0,            "MemorySwappiness": -1,            "OomKillDisable": false,            "PidsLimit": 0,            "Ulimits": null,            "CpuCount": 0,            "CpuPercent": 0,            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0        },        "GraphDriver": {            "Name": "aufs",            "Data": null        },        "Mounts": [],        "Config": {            "Hostname": "98d119ed4c73",            "Domainname": "",            "User": "",            "AttachStdin": false,            "AttachStdout": false,            "AttachStderr": false,            "ExposedPorts": {                "8080/tcp": {}            },            "Tty": true,            "OpenStdin": true,            "StdinOnce": false,            "Env": [                "PATH=/usr/local/tomcat/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",                "LANG=C.UTF-8",                "JAVA_HOME=/docker-java-home/jre",                "JAVA_VERSION=8u151",                "JAVA_DEBIAN_VERSION=8u151-b12-1~deb9u1",                "CA_CERTIFICATES_JAVA_VERSION=20170531+nmu1",                "CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat",                "TOMCAT_NATIVE_LIBDIR=/usr/local/tomcat/native-jni-lib",                "LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/tomcat/native-jni-lib",                "OPENSSL_VERSION=1.1.0f-3+deb9u1",                "GPG_KEYS=05AB33110949707C93A279E3D3EFE6B686867BA6 07E48665A34DCAFAE522E5E6266191C37C037D42 47309207D818FFD8DCD3F83F1931D684307A10A5 541FBE7D8F78B25E055DDEE13C370389288584E7 61B832AC2F1C5A90F0F9B00A1C506407564C17A3 713DA88BE50911535FE716F5208B0AB1D63011C7 79F7026C690BAA50B92CD8B66A3AD3F4F22C4FED 9BA44C2621385CB966EBA586F72C284D731FABEE A27677289986DB50844682F8ACB77FC2E86E29AC A9C5DF4D22E99998D9875A5110C01C5A2F6059E7 DCFD35E0BF8CA7344752DE8B6FB21E8933C60243 F3A04C595DB5B6A5F1ECA43E3B7BBB100D811BBE F7DA48BB64BCB84ECBA7EE6935CD23C10D498E23",                "TOMCAT_MAJOR=8",                "TOMCAT_VERSION=8.5.24",                "TOMCAT_SHA1=9e26ba61c5665aafc849073edeb769be555283cd",                "TOMCAT_TGZ_URLS=https://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi?action=download&filename=tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.24/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.24.tar.gz \thttps://www-us.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.24/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.24.tar.gz \thttps://www.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.24/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.24.tar.gz \thttps://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.24/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.24.tar.gz",                "TOMCAT_ASC_URLS=https://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi?action=download&filename=tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.24/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.24.tar.gz.asc \thttps://www-us.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.24/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.24.tar.gz.asc \thttps://www.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.24/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.24.tar.gz.asc \thttps://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.24/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.24.tar.gz.asc"            ],            "Cmd": [                "catalina.sh",                "run"            ],            "ArgsEscaped": true,            "Image": "tomcat",            "Volumes": null,            "WorkingDir": "/usr/local/tomcat",            "Entrypoint": null,            "OnBuild": null,            "Labels": {}        },        "NetworkSettings": {            "Bridge": "",            "SandboxID": "50244517221e6faff4217ff5453919f0c297b10434812ecfbf3decb3ce9860f6",            "HairpinMode": false,            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,            "Ports": {                "8080/tcp": null            },            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/50244517221e",            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,            "EndpointID": "e9336feece03b1c87e6724253575ee50963e9bdc1f9618609fe641a8a939b87a",            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.5",            "IPPrefixLen": 16,            "IPv6Gateway": "",            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:05",            "Networks": {                "bridge": {                    "IPAMConfig": null,                    "Links": null,                    "Aliases": null,                    "NetworkID": "87eb4d08d408c08489db4460915aabed59210d04f8193364420d3719cd308d83",                    "EndpointID": "e9336feece03b1c87e6724253575ee50963e9bdc1f9618609fe641a8a939b87a",                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.5",                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,                    "IPv6Gateway": "",                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:05"                }            }        }    }]
复制代码


  • 可见内容十分丰富；

  • 如果我们只对其中的一些感兴趣，例如 hostname、ip 地址、环境变量，该如何查看呢？

  • hostname：在返回值中，hostname 的位置如下图红框所示，



由上图可见，hostname 位于 Config.Hostname 这个节点位置，所以执行命令 docker inspect -f {{.Config.Hostname}} tomcat001 即可获取到 hostname，如下所示：


root@maven:~# docker inspect -f {{.Config.Hostname}} tomcat00198d119ed4c73
复制代码


  • ip 地址：执行命令 docker inspect -f {{.NetworkSettings.IPAddress}} tomcat001 即可获取到 ip 地址：


root@maven:~# docker inspect -f {{.NetworkSettings.IPAddress}} tomcat001172.17.0.5
复制代码


  • 环境变量：从完整的 inspect 信息中可以看到环境变量 Config.Env 的内容是个 json 数组，所以除了用 docker inspect -f {{.Config.Env}} tomcat001 获取所有环境变量信息，还可以用 docker inspect -f '{{index .Config.Env 1}}' tomcat001 命令获取数组中的某一条记录，如下：


root@maven:~# docker inspect -f '{{index .Config.Env 1}}' tomcat001LANG=C.UTF-8root@maven:~# docker inspect -f '{{index .Config.Env 2}}' tomcat001 JAVA_HOME=/docker-java-home/jre
复制代码


  • 至此，三种获取容器信息的方式已经全部列出，之所以在本文中推荐第三种，是因为有时我们会在 shell 脚本中获取容器信息，这时候用这种方式最为简单；

欢迎关注 InfoQ：程序员欣宸

学习路上，你不孤单，欣宸原创一路相伴...

划线
评论
复制
发布于: 2022 年 05 月 25 日阅读数: 32

版权声明: 本文为 InfoQ 作者【程序员欣宸】的原创文章。

原文链接:【http://xie.infoq.cn/article/fb2135404e517d718b6eef535】。文章转载请联系作者。

Java5月月更
用户头像

程序员欣宸

关注

搜索"程序员欣宸"，一起畅游Java宇宙 2018.04.19 加入

前腾讯、前阿里员工，从事Java后台工作，对Docker和Kubernetes充满热爱，所有文章均为作者原创，个人Github：https://github.com/zq2599/blog_demos

评论

发布
暂无评论
Copyright © 2022, Geekbang Technology Ltd. All rights reserved. 极客邦控股（北京）有限公司 | 京 ICP 备 16027448 号 - 5京公网安备京公网安备 11010502039052号
查看Docker容器的信息_Java_程序员欣宸_InfoQ写作社区