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SpringBoot3 之 Web 编程

作者:知了一笑
  • 2023-08-09
    浙江
  • 本文字数:5261 字

    阅读完需:约 17 分钟

SpringBoot3之Web编程

标签:Rest.拦截器.swagger.测试;

一、简介

基于web包的依赖,SpringBoot 可以快速启动一个web容器,简化项目的开发;


web开发中又涉及如下几个功能点:


拦截器:可以让接口被访问之前,将请求拦截到,通过对请求的识别和校验,判断请求是否允许通过;


页面交互:对于服务端的开发来说,需要具备简单的页面开发能力,解决部分场景的需求;


Swagger 接口:通过简单的配置,快速生成接口的描述,并且提供对接口的测试能力;


Junit 测试:通过编写代码的方式对接口进行测试,从而完成对接口的检查和验证,并且可以不入侵原代码结构;

二、工程搭建

1、工程结构

2、依赖管理

<!-- 基础框架组件 --><dependency>    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>    <version>${spring-boot.version}</version></dependency><!-- 接口文档组件 --><dependency>    <groupId>org.springdoc</groupId>    <artifactId>springdoc-openapi-starter-webmvc-ui</artifactId>    <version>${springdoc.version}</version></dependency><!-- 前端页面组件 --><dependency>    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>    <version>${spring-boot.version}</version></dependency><!-- 单元测试组件 --><dependency>    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>    <version>${spring-boot.version}</version>    <exclusions>        <exclusion>            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>            <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>        </exclusion>    </exclusions></dependency><dependency>    <groupId>junit</groupId>    <artifactId>junit</artifactId>    <version>${junit.version}</version></dependency>
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三、Web 开发

1、接口开发

编写四个简单常规的接口,从对资源操作的角度,也就是常说的:增Post、删Delete、改Put、查Get,并且使用了swagger注解,可以快速生成接口文档;


@RestController@Tag(name = "Rest接口")public class RestWeb {
@Operation(summary = "Get接口") @GetMapping("rest/get/{id}") public String restGet(@PathVariable Integer id) { return "OK:"+id; }
@Operation(summary = "Post接口") @PostMapping("/rest/post") public String restPost(@RequestBody ParamBO param){ return "OK:"+param.getName(); }
@Operation(summary = "Put接口") @PutMapping("/rest/put") public String restPut(@RequestBody ParamBO param){ return "OK:"+param.getId(); }
@Operation(summary = "Delete接口") @DeleteMapping("/rest/delete/{id}") public String restDelete(@PathVariable Integer id){ return "OK:"+id; }}
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2、页面交互

对于服务端开发来说,在部分场景下是需要进行简单的页面开发的,比如通过页面渲染再去生成文件,或者直接通过页面填充邮件内容等;


数据接口


@Controllerpublic class PageWeb {
@RequestMapping("/page/view") public ModelAndView pageView (HttpServletRequest request){ ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView() ; // 普通参数 modelAndView.addObject("name", "cicada"); modelAndView.addObject("time", "2023-07-12"); // 对象模型 modelAndView.addObject("page", new PageBO(7,"页面数据模型")); // List集合 List<PageBO> pageList = new ArrayList<>() ; pageList.add(new PageBO(1,"第一页")); pageList.add(new PageBO(2,"第二页")); modelAndView.addObject("pageList", pageList); // Array数组 PageBO[] pageArr = new PageBO[]{new PageBO(6,"第六页"),new PageBO(7,"第七页")} ; modelAndView.addObject("pageArr", pageArr); modelAndView.setViewName("/page-view"); return modelAndView ; }}
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页面解析:分别解析了普通参数,实体对象,集合容器,数组容器等几种数据模型;


<div style="text-align: center">    <hr/>    <h5>普通参数解析</h5>    姓名:<span th:text="${name}"></span>    时间:<span th:text="${time}"></span>    <hr/>    <h5>对象模型解析</h5>    整形:<span th:text="${page.getKey()}"></span>    字符:<span th:text="${page.getValue()}"></span>    <hr/>    <h5>集合容器解析</h5>    <table style="margin:0 auto;width: 200px">        <tr>            <th>Key</th>            <th>Value</th>        </tr>        <tr th:each="page:${pageList}">            <td th:text="${page.getKey()}"></td>            <td th:text="${page.getValue()}"></td>        </tr>    </table>    <hr/>    <h5>数组容器解析</h5>    <table style="margin:0 auto;width: 200px">        <tr>            <th>Key</th>            <th>Value</th>        </tr>        <tr th:each="page:${pageArr}">            <td th:text="${page.getKey()}"></td>            <td th:text="${page.getValue()}"></td>        </tr>    </table>    <hr/></div>
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效果图展示


四、拦截器

1、拦截器定义

通过实现HandlerInterceptor接口,完成对两个拦截器的自定义,请求在访问服务时,必须通过两个拦截器的校验;


/** * 拦截器一 */public class HeadInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {    private static final Logger log  = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HeadInterceptor.class);    @Override    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,                             Object handler) throws Exception {        log.info("HeadInterceptor:preHandle");        Iterator<String> headNames = request.getHeaderNames().asIterator();        log.info("request-header");        while (headNames.hasNext()){            String headName = headNames.next();            String headValue = request.getHeader(headName);            System.out.println(headName+":"+headValue);        }        // 放开拦截        return true;    }    @Override    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response,                           Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {        log.info("HeadInterceptor:postHandle");    }    @Override    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response,                                Object handler, Exception e) throws Exception {        log.info("HeadInterceptor:afterCompletion");    }}
/** * 拦截器二 */public class BodyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor { private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(BodyInterceptor.class); @Override public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception { log.info("BodyInterceptor:preHandle"); Iterator<String> paramNames = request.getParameterNames().asIterator(); log.info("request-param"); while (paramNames.hasNext()){ String paramName = paramNames.next(); String paramValue = request.getParameter(paramName); System.out.println(paramName+":"+paramValue); } // 放开拦截 return true; } @Override public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception { log.info("BodyInterceptor:postHandle"); } @Override public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception e) throws Exception { log.info("BodyInterceptor:afterCompletion"); }}
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2、拦截器配置

自定义拦截器之后,还需要添加到 web 工程的配置文件中,可以通过实现WebMvcConfigurer接口,完成自定义的配置添加;


@Configurationpublic class WebMvcConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
/** * 添加自定义拦截器 */ @Override public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) { registry.addInterceptor(new HeadInterceptor()).addPathPatterns("/**"); registry.addInterceptor(new BodyInterceptor()).addPathPatterns("/**"); }}
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五、测试工具

1、Swagger 接口

添加上述的springdoc依赖之后,还可以在配置文件中简单定义一些信息,访问IP:端口/swagger-ui/index.html即可;


@Configurationpublic class WebMvcConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
/** * 接口文档配置 */ @Bean public OpenAPI openAPI() { return new OpenAPI() .info(new Info().title("【boot-web】").description("Rest接口文档-2023-07-11") .version("1.0.0")); }}
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2、Junit 测试

在个人的习惯上,Swagger接口文档更偏向在前后端对接的时候使用,而Junit单元测试更符合开发的时候使用,这里是对RestWeb中的接口进行测试;


@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)@SpringBootTest@AutoConfigureMockMvcpublic class RestWebTest {
@Autowired private MockMvc mockMvc;
@Test public void testGet () throws Exception { // GET接口测试 MvcResult mvcResult = mockMvc .perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/rest/get/1")) .andReturn(); printMvcResult(mvcResult); }
@Test public void testPost () throws Exception { // 参数模型 JsonMapper jsonMapper = new JsonMapper(); ParamBO param = new ParamBO(null,"单元测试",new Date()) ; String paramJson = jsonMapper.writeValueAsString(param) ; // Post接口测试 MvcResult mvcResult = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/rest/post") .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON) .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON).content(paramJson)).andReturn(); printMvcResult(mvcResult); }
@Test public void testPut () throws Exception { // 参数模型 JsonMapper jsonMapper = new JsonMapper(); ParamBO param = new ParamBO(7,"Junit组件",new Date()) ; String paramJson = jsonMapper.writeValueAsString(param) ; // Put接口测试 MvcResult mvcResult = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.put("/rest/put") .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON) .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON).content(paramJson)).andReturn(); printMvcResult(mvcResult); }
@Test public void testDelete () throws Exception { // Delete接口测试 MvcResult mvcResult = mockMvc .perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.delete("/rest/delete/2")) .andReturn(); printMvcResult(mvcResult); }
/** * 打印【MvcResult】信息 */ private void printMvcResult (MvcResult mvcResult) throws Exception { System.out.println("请求-URI【"+mvcResult.getRequest().getRequestURI()+"】"); System.out.println("响应-status【"+mvcResult.getResponse().getStatus()+"】"); System.out.println("响应-content【"+mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)+"】"); }}
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六、参考源码

文档仓库:https://gitee.com/cicadasmile/butte-java-note
源码仓库:https://gitee.com/cicadasmile/butte-spring-parent
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