小菜在学习过程中,为了调整或适配 Widget 大小时,会设置 Widget 或嵌套使用一些约束 Widget;小菜针对性学习一下这一系列的约束 Box;
SizedBox
源码分析
class SizedBox extends SingleChildRenderObjectWidget {
// 创建固定大小的约束Box
const SizedBox({ Key key, this.width, this.height, Widget child })
: super(key: key, child: child);
// 创建父类允许最大尺寸的约束Box
const SizedBox.expand({ Key key, Widget child })
: width = double.infinity,
height = double.infinity,
super(key: key, child: child);
// 创建父类允许最小尺寸的约束Box
const SizedBox.shrink({ Key key, Widget child })
: width = 0.0,
height = 0.0,
super(key: key, child: child);
// 创建指定大小的约束Box
SizedBox.fromSize({ Key key, Widget child, Size size })
: width = size?.width,
height = size?.height,
super(key: key, child: child);
}
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分析源码可知,SizeBox 继承自 SingleChildRenderObjectWidget 仅提供子 Child 的存储并不提供更新逻辑;且 SizedBox 提供了多种使用方法,小菜逐一尝试;
案例尝试
1. SizedBox({ Key key, this.width, this.height, Widget child })
SizedBox 可自定义 width 和 height,当限制宽高时,子 Widget 无论宽高如何,均默认填充;通过设置 double.infinity 填充父类 Widget 宽高,注意此时父类要有限制,不可是无限宽高;当 width 和 height 未设置时,根据子 Widget 大小展示;
return SizedBox(width: 100.0, height: 100.0, child: Container(color: Colors.teal.withOpacity(0.4)));
return SizedBox(width: 100.0, height: 100.0, child: Container(color: Colors.red.withOpacity(0.4), width: 200.0, height: 200.0));
return SizedBox(width: 100.0, height: 100.0, child: Container(color: Colors.pink.withOpacity(0.4), width: 50.0, height: 50.0));
return SizedBox(width: double.infinity, height: 100.0, child: Container(color: Colors.blueAccent.withOpacity(0.4)));
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2. SizedBox.expand({ Key key, Widget child })
.expand 是便捷方法,默认 width 和 height 均为 double.infinity,填充整个父类 Widget;
return SizedBox.expand(child: Container(color: Colors.blueAccent.withOpacity(0.4)));
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3. SizedBox.shrink({ Key key, Widget child })
.shrink 同样是便捷方法,但 width 和 height 均为 0.0,无论子 Widget 设置多少均不展示;小菜暂时未想出此类方法的应用场景;
return SizedBox.shrink(child: Container(color: Colors.pink.withOpacity(0.4)));
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4. SizedBox.fromSize({ Key key, Widget child, Size size })
.fromSize 便捷方式与基本的构建方式基本相同,只是 width 和 height 由 Size 封装,小菜用此方法实现与基本方式相同的效果;
return SizedBox.fromSize(size: Size(100.0, 100.0), child: Container(color: Colors.teal.withOpacity(0.4)));
return SizedBox.fromSize(size: Size(100.0, 100.0), child: Container(color: Colors.red.withOpacity(0.4), width: 200.0, height: 200.0));
return SizedBox.fromSize(size: Size(100.0, 100.0), child: Container(color: Colors.pink.withOpacity(0.4), width: 50.0, height: 50.0));
return SizedBox.fromSize(size: Size(double.infinity, 100.0), child: Container(color: Colors.blueAccent.withOpacity(0.4)));
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ConstrainedBox
源码分析
class ConstrainedBox extends SingleChildRenderObjectWidget {
ConstrainedBox({
Key key,
@required this.constraints,
Widget child,
})
}
class BoxConstraints extends Constraints {
// 用指定的约束大小创建框架大小
const BoxConstraints({
this.minWidth = 0.0,
this.maxWidth = double.infinity,
this.minHeight = 0.0,
this.maxHeight = double.infinity,
});
// 仅用指定大小创建框架大小
BoxConstraints.tight(Size size)
: minWidth = size.width,
maxWidth = size.width,
minHeight = size.height,
maxHeight = size.height;
// 用指定的约束大小创建框架大小
const BoxConstraints.tightFor({
double width,
double height,
})
// 创建需要给定宽度或高度的框约束,除非它们是无限的
const BoxConstraints.tightForFinite({
double width = double.infinity,
double height = double.infinity,
})
// 创建禁止大小大于给定大小的框约束
BoxConstraints.loose(Size size)
: minWidth = 0.0,
maxWidth = size.width,
minHeight = 0.0,
maxHeight = size.height;
// 创建扩展为填充另一个框约束的框约束
const BoxConstraints.expand({
double width,
double height,
})
}
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分析源码可知,ConstrainedBox 同样是继承自 SingleChildRenderObjectWidget;约束方式主要是对 constraints 的操作;相对于 SizedBox 约束更为灵活;
案例尝试
1. BoxConstraints()
BoxConstraints 的构造方法可以设置最大最小宽度和高度四个属性,在实际场景中可以灵活运用;其约束的大小按照 minWidth <= child.width <= maxWidth && minHeight <= child.Height <= maxHeight,当我们不设置宽高尺寸时,minWidth = 0.0 && minHeight = 0.0 && maxWidth = double.infinity && maxHeight = double.infinity;
return ConstrainedBox(constraints: BoxConstraints(), child: Container(color: Colors.pink.withOpacity(0.4), child: _textWid('ConstrainedBox')));
return ConstrainedBox(constraints: BoxConstraints(), child: Container(color: Colors.blueAccent.withOpacity(0.4), child: _textWid('ConstrainedBox: A widget that imposes additional constraints on its child.')));
return ConstrainedBox(constraints: BoxConstraints(minWidth: 100.0, minHeight: 100.0), child: Container(color: Colors.orange.withOpacity(0.4), child: _textWid('ConstrainedBox')));
return ConstrainedBox(constraints: BoxConstraints(maxHeight: 100.0, maxWidth: 100.0), child: Container(color: Colors.teal.withOpacity(0.4), child: _textWid('ConstrainedBox: A widget that imposes additional constraints on its child.')));
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2. BoxConstraints.tight(Size size)
.tight 构造方法中需要传一个固定尺寸的 Size 其中 minWidth == maxWidth == size.width && maxWidth == maxHeight == size.height;无论子 Widget 设置多大宽高均按照 Size 宽高约束;
return ConstrainedBox(constraints: BoxConstraints.tight(Size(110.0, 120.0)),
child: Container(color: Colors.purple.withOpacity(0.4), child: _textWid('ConstrainedBox: A widget that imposes additional constraints on its child.')));
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3. BoxConstraints.tightFor()
小菜理解 .tightFor 方式是 .tight 方式的细化,可以自定义 width 和 height;若宽高未设置,则最大宽高为无限,最小宽高为 0.0;若设置宽高则以设置尺寸进行约束;
return ConstrainedBox(constraints: BoxConstraints.tightFor(height: 110.0),
child: Container(color: Colors.teal.withOpacity(0.4), child: _textWid('ConstrainedBox: A widget that imposes additional constraints on its child.')));
return ConstrainedBox(constraints: BoxConstraints.tightFor(width: 110.0, height: 120.0),
child: Container(color: Colors.purple.withOpacity(0.4), child: _textWid('ConstrainedBox: A widget that imposes additional constraints on its child.')));
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4. BoxConstraints.tightForFinite()
.tightForFinite 与 .tightFor 类似,默认最大宽高为无限,最小宽高为 0.0,其判断的是设置宽高是否为无限,不是 double.infinity 则 minWidth == maxWidth == width && maxWidth == maxHeight == height 进行约束;
return ConstrainedBox(constraints: BoxConstraints.tightForFinite(),
child: Container(color: Colors.teal.withOpacity(0.4), child: _textWid('ConstrainedBox: A widget that imposes additional constraints on its child.')));
return ConstrainedBox(constraints: BoxConstraints.tightForFinite(width: 110.0, height: 120.0),
child: Container(color: Colors.purple.withOpacity(0.4), child: _textWid('ConstrainedBox: A widget that imposes additional constraints on its child.')));
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5. BoxConstraints.loose()
.loose 方式限制给定 Size 大小,minWidth / minHeight 均为 0.0,最大宽高为 Size 大小;其中整体约束由 Size 限制,实际展示与子 Widget 大小相关;
return ConstrainedBox(constraints: BoxConstraints.loose(Size(110.0, 150.0)),
child: Container(color: Colors.purple.withOpacity(0.4), child: _textWid('ConstrainedBox: A widget that imposes additional constraints on its child.')));
return ConstrainedBox(constraints: BoxConstraints.loose(Size(110.0, 150.0)),
child: Container(width: 200.0, height: 200.0, color: Colors.grey.withOpacity(0.6),
child: _textWid('ConstrainedBox: A widget that imposes additional constraints on its child.')));
return ConstrainedBox(constraints: BoxConstraints.loose(Size(110.0, 120.0)),
child: Container(width: 100.0, height: 100.0, color: Colors.green.withOpacity(0.6),
child: _textWid('ConstrainedBox: A widget that imposes additional constraints on its child.')));
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6. BoxConstraints.expand()
大部分 .expand 方式是填充方式,默认填满父 Widget,若不设置宽高,默认 minWidth == maxWidth == double.infinity && minHeight == maxHeight == double.infinity,使用时注意父类约束;
return ConstrainedBox(constraints: BoxConstraints.expand(),
child: Container(color: Colors.teal.withOpacity(0.4), child: _textWid('ConstrainedBox: A widget that imposes additional constraints on its child.')));
return ConstrainedBox(constraints: BoxConstraints.expand(width: 110.0, height: 150.0),
child: Container(color: Colors.purple.withOpacity(0.4), child: _textWid('ConstrainedBox: A widget that imposes additional constraints on its child.')));
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Flutter 提供了多种约束 Box,所谓条条大路通罗马,同一种效果可以有多种实现方式,但小菜认为还是应该多多了解,尽量尝试最优方案;小菜对 Box 系列的研究还很浅显,有错误的地方请多多指导!
来源: 阿策小和尚
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