性能压力测试

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发布于: 2020 年 07 月 22 日
性能压测的一般规律性能压测的时候，随着并发压力的增加，系统响应时间和吞吐量如何变化？
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性能压测中，随着并发量的提高，TPS 的变化可以分为三个阶段：性能测试阶段、负载测试阶段、压力测试阶段。
首先是性能测试阶段，随着并发数的上升，TPS 也线性提高，原因是系统开始压测时，CPU、内存、IO 资源充裕。因此业务需求得到了及时的响应。
在负载测试阶段，随着系统负载的升高，各种资源的瓶颈也开始显现，因此只能维持在较为均衡的状态。
在压力测试阶段，系统发负载达到某个资源的极限，因此系统性能开始下降，直至服务宕掉。
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真实的情况﻿
任何理想的模型都是为了说明问题。那么基于用户的真实的压测是什么情况呢？
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使用一个 go 语言编写的工具来真实压测一下。压测工具
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压测的目标是极客时间  28 | 高性能架构：除了代码，你还可以在哪些地方优化性能？
压测命令如下，分别使用并发为 10、20、50、100、1000、2000 压测。
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./go-stress-testing-mac -c 2000 -n 20 -u https://time.geekbang.org/search\?q\=%E5%90%8E%E7%AB%AF
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./go-stress-testing-mac -c 10 -n 50 -u https://time.geekbang.org/search\?q\=%E5%90%8E%E7%AB%AF
 开始启动  并发数:10 请求数:50 请求参数:
request:
 form:http
 url:https://time.geekbang.org/search?q=%E5%90%8E%E7%AB%AF
 method:GET
 headers:map[]
 data:
 verify:statusCode
 timeout:30s
 debug:false
─────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬────────┬────────┬────────┬────────┬────────
 耗时│ 并发数│ 成功数│ 失败数│   qps  │最长耗时│最短耗时│平均耗时│ 错误码
─────┼───────┼───────┼───────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────
   1s│      0│      0│      0│    0.00│    0.00│    0.00│    0.00│
   2s│      0│      0│      0│    0.00│    0.00│    0.00│    0.00│
   3s│      0│      0│      0│    0.00│    0.00│    0.00│    0.00│
   4s│      0│      0│      0│    0.00│    0.00│    0.00│    0.00│
   5s│      6│      6│      0│    2.01│ 4979.69│ 4971.37│  497.46│200:6
   6s│      7│      7│      0│    1.98│ 5424.39│ 4971.37│  503.88│200:7
   7s│     10│     10│      0│    1.78│ 6954.82│ 4971.37│  561.34│200:10
   8s│     10│     10│      0│    1.78│ 6954.82│ 4971.37│  561.34│200:10
   9s│     10│     33│      0│    3.74│ 6954.82│  282.20│  267.61│200:33
  10s│     10│     56│      0│    5.72│ 6954.82│  254.51│  174.71│200:56
  11s│     10│     80│      0│    7.42│ 6954.82│  254.51│  134.81│200:80
  12s│     10│    106│      0│    8.90│ 6954.82│  246.30│  112.31│200:106
  13s│     10│    126│      0│    9.86│ 6954.82│  246.30│  101.39│200:126
  14s│     10│    153│      0│   11.05│ 6954.82│  246.30│   90.48│200:153
  15s│     10│    179│      0│   12.15│ 6954.82│  246.30│   82.34│200:179
  16s│     10│    209│      0│   13.19│ 6954.82│  246.30│   75.81│200:209
  17s│     10│    235│      0│   14.00│ 6954.82│  246.30│   71.43│200:235
  18s│     10│    265│      0│   14.80│ 6954.82│  246.30│   67.55│200:265
  19s│     10│    292│      0│   15.50│ 6954.82│  246.30│   64.51│200:292
  20s│     10│    319│      0│   16.14│ 6954.82│  246.30│   61.97│200:319
  21s│     10│    348│      0│   16.78│ 6954.82│  246.30│   59.59│200:348
  22s│     10│    376│      0│   17.28│ 6954.82│  246.30│   57.86│200:376
  23s│     10│    407│      0│   17.85│ 6954.82│  246.30│   56.03│200:407
  24s│     10│    437│      0│   18.36│ 6954.82│  246.30│   54.47│200:437
  25s│     10│    457│      0│   18.51│ 6954.82│  246.30│   54.04│200:457
  26s│     10│    487│      0│   18.92│ 6954.82│  246.30│   52.86│200:487
﻿
压测到 1000 开始触发网站的保护机制。
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./go-stress-testing-mac -c 1000 -n 20 -u https://time.geekbang.org/search\?q\=%E5%90%8E%E7%AB%AF
 开始启动  并发数:1000 请求数:20 请求参数:
request:
 form:http
 url:https://time.geekbang.org/search?q=%E5%90%8E%E7%AB%AF
 method:GET
 headers:map[]
 data:
 verify:statusCode
 timeout:30s
 debug:false
─────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬────────┬────────┬────────┬────────┬────────
 耗时│ 并发数│ 成功数│ 失败数│   qps  │最长耗时│最短耗时│平均耗时│ 错误码
─────┼───────┼───────┼───────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────
   1s│      0│      0│      0│    0.00│    0.00│    0.00│    0.00│
   2s│      0│      0│      0│    0.00│    0.00│    0.00│    0.00│
   3s│      0│      0│      0│    0.00│    0.00│    0.00│    0.00│
   4s│      0│      0│      0│    0.00│    0.00│    0.00│    0.00│
   5s│      0│      0│      0│    0.00│    0.00│    0.00│    0.00│
   6s│      0│      0│      0│    0.00│    0.00│    0.00│    0.00│
   7s│      0│      0│      0│    0.00│    0.00│    0.00│    0.00│
   8s│      0│      0│      0│    0.00│    0.00│    0.00│    0.00│
   9s│      0│      0│      0│    0.00│    0.00│    0.00│    0.00│
  10s│      0│      0│      0│    0.00│    0.00│    0.00│    0.00│
  11s│      0│      0│      0│    0.00│    0.00│    0.00│    0.00│
  12s│      0│      0│      0│    0.00│    0.00│    0.00│    0.00│
  13s│      0│      0│      0│    0.00│    0.00│    0.00│    0.00│
  14s│    208│    208│      0│   73.04│14002.06│13295.66│   13.69│200:208
  15s│    405│    405│      0│   72.84│14456.61│13295.66│   13.73│200:405
  16s│    412│    756│      0│  120.96│15497.36│ 1423.54│    8.27│200:756
  17s│    419│    877│      0│  134.02│16569.00│ 1199.98│    7.46│200:877
  18s│    427│   1205│      0│  167.22│17718.99│ 1196.90│    5.98│200:1205
  19s│    475│   1302│      0│  158.39│19009.32│ 1196.90│    6.31│200:1302
  20s│    508│   1614│      0│  169.28│19949.12│ 1196.90│    5.91│200:1614
  21s│    572│   1880│      0│  167.07│20859.10│ 1196.90│    5.99│200:1880
  22s│    690│   2178│      0│  154.47│21827.77│ 1196.90│    6.47│200:2178
  23s│    738│   2486│      0│  157.80│22634.48│ 1196.90│    6.34│200:2486
  24s│    766│   2645│      0│  157.89│23322.31│ 1196.90│    6.33│200:2645
  25s│    793│   3018│      0│  164.63│24591.10│ 1196.90│    6.07│200:3018
  26s│    809│   3365│      0│  171.43│25340.24│ 1196.90│    5.83│200:3365
  27s│    809│   3365│      0│  171.43│25340.24│ 1196.90│    5.83│200:3365
  28s│    809│   3365│      0│  171.43│25340.24│ 1196.90│    5.83│200:3365
  29s│    809│   3365│      0│  171.43│25340.24│ 1196.90│    5.83│200:3365
请求失败: Get "https://time.geekbang.org/search?q=%E5%90%8E%E7%AB%AF": context deadline exceeded (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)
请求失败: Get "https://time.geekbang.org/search?q=%E5%90%8E%E7%AB%AF": context deadline exceeded (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)
  30s│    811│   3365│      2│  170.90│30003.03│ 1196.90│    5.85│200:3365;509:2
请求失败: Get "https://time.geekbang.org/search?q=%E5%90%8E%E7%AB%AF": context deadline exceeded (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)
请求失败: Get "https://time.geekbang.org/search?q=%E5%90%8E%E7%AB%AF": context deadline exceeded (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)
请求失败: Get "https://time.geekbang.org/search?q=%E5%90%8E%E7%AB%AF": context deadline exceeded (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)
请求失败: Get "https://time.geekbang.org/search?q=%E5%90%8E%E7%AB%AF": context deadline exceeded (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)
请求失败: Get "https://time.geekbang.org/search?q=%E5%90%8E%E7%AB%AF": context deadline exceeded (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)
﻿
压 2000 也能跑，会不时触发保护机制。
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./go-stress-testing-mac -c 2000 -n 20 -u https://time.geekbang.org/search\?q\=%E5%90%8E%E7%AB%AF
 开始启动  并发数:2000 请求数:20 请求参数:
request:
 form:http
 url:https://time.geekbang.org/search?q=%E5%90%8E%E7%AB%AF
 method:GET
 headers:map[]
 data:
 verify:statusCode
 timeout:30s
 debug:false
─────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬────────┬────────┬────────┬────────┬────────
 耗时│ 并发数│ 成功数│ 失败数│   qps  │最长耗时│最短耗时│平均耗时│ 错误码
─────┼───────┼───────┼───────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────
   1s│      0│      0│      0│    0.00│    0.00│    0.00│    0.00│
   2s│      0│      0│      0│    0.00│    0.00│    0.00│    0.00│
   3s│      0│      0│      0│    0.00│    0.00│    0.00│    0.00│
   4s│      0│      0│      0│    0.00│    0.00│    0.00│    0.00│
   5s│    177│    177│      0│  446.38│ 4850.26│ 4278.32│    2.24│200:177
   6s│    809│    809│      0│  407.27│ 5648.95│ 4278.32│    2.46│200:809
   7s│   1066│   1066│      0│  389.51│ 6633.78│ 4278.32│    2.57│200:1066
   8s│   1337│   1368│      0│  364.86│ 7540.24│ 2181.75│    2.74│200:1368
   9s│   1632│   1765│      0│  347.50│ 8513.70│ 2181.75│    2.88│200:1765
  10s│   1687│   1895│      0│  347.67│ 9728.63│ 2181.75│    2.88│200:1895
  11s│   1731│   2009│      0│  344.81│10632.92│ 2181.75│    2.90│200:2009
  12s│   1754│   2298│      0│  345.85│11714.21│ 2181.75│    2.89│200:2298
  13s│   1770│   2506│      0│  339.94│12832.72│ 2181.75│    2.94│200:2506
  14s│   1798│   2653│      0│  334.34│13748.38│ 2181.75│    2.99│200:2653
  15s│   1882│   3051│      0│  320.79│14266.46│ 2181.75│    3.12│200:3051
  16s│   1889│   3258│      0│  317.07│15564.73│ 2181.75│    3.15│200:3258
  17s│   1983│   3852│      0│  287.77│16535.87│ 2181.75│    3.47│200:3852
  18s│   1984│   3883│      0│  287.26│16981.61│ 2181.75│    3.48│200:3883
  19s│   1984│   3897│      0│  286.31│16981.61│ 2181.75│    3.49│200:3897
  20s│   1986│   3917│      0│  285.69│18829.71│ 2181.75│    3.50│200:3917
  21s│   1986│   3917│      0│  285.69│18829.71│ 2181.75│    3.50│200:3917
  22s│   1986│   3917│      0│  285.69│18829.71│ 2181.75│    3.50│200:3917
  23s│   1986│   3917│      0│  285.69│18829.71│ 2181.75│    3.50│200:3917
  24s│   1986│   3917│      0│  285.69│18829.71│ 2181.75│    3.50│200:3917
  25s│   1986│   3917│      0│  285.69│18829.71│ 2181.75│    3.50│200:3917
  26s│   1986│   3917│      0│  285.69│18829.71│ 2181.75│    3.50│200:3917
  27s│   1986│   3917│      0│  285.69│18829.71│ 2181.75│    3.50│200:3917
  28s│   1986│   3939│      0│  283.80│22918.05│ 2181.75│    3.52│200:3939
  29s│   1986│   3983│      0│  280.81│22918.05│ 2181.75│    3.56│200:3983
  30s│   1986│   4114│      0│  271.08│22918.05│ 2181.75│    3.69│200:4114
请求失败: Get "https://time.geekbang.org/search?q=%E5%90%8E%E7%AB%AF": context deadline exceeded (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)
请求失败: Get "https://time.geekbang.org/search?q=%E5%90%8E%E7%AB%AF": context deadline exceeded (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)
请求失败: Get "https://time.geekbang.org/search?q=%E5%90%8E%E7%AB%AF": context deadline exceeded (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)
请求失败: Get "https://time.geekbang.org/search?q=%E5%90%8E%E7%AB%AF": context deadline exceeded (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)
请求失败: Get "https://time.geekbang.org/search?q=%E5%90%8E%E7%AB%AF": context deadline exceeded (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)
请求失败: Get "https://time.geekbang.org/search?q=%E5%90%8E%E7%AB%AF": context deadline exceeded (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)
请求失败: Get "https://time.geekbang.org/search?q=%E5%90%8E%E7%AB%AF": context deadline exceeded (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)
请求失败: Get "https://time.geekbang.org/search?q=%E5%90%8E%E7%AB%AF": context deadline exceeded (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)
请求失败: Get "https://time.geekbang.org/search?q=%E5%90%8E%E7%AB%AF": context deadline exceeded (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)
请求失败: Get "https://time.geekbang.org/search?q=%E5%90%8E%E7%AB%AF": context deadline exceeded (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)
请求失败: Get "https://time.geekbang.org/search?q=%E5%90%8E%E7%AB%AF": context deadline exceeded (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)
请求失败: Get "https://time.geekbang.org/search?q=%E5%90%8E%E7%AB%AF": context deadline exceeded (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)
请求失败: Get "https://time.geekbang.org/search?q=%E5%90%8E%E7%AB%AF": context deadline exceeded (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)
请求失败: Get "https://time.geekbang.org/search?q=%E5%90%8E%E7%AB%AF": context deadline exceeded (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)
  31s│   2000│   4271│     14│  254.33│30005.57│ 2181.75│    3.93│200:4271;509:14
  32s│   2000│   4422│     14│  244.83│30005.57│ 2181.75│    4.08│200:4422;509:14
  33s│   2000│   4468│     14│  241.96│30005.57│ 2181.75│    4.13│200:4468;509:14
  34s│   2000│   4468│     14│  241.96│30005.57│ 2181.75│    4.13│200:4468;509:14
请求失败: Get "https://time.geekbang.org/search?q=%E5%90%8E%E7%AB%AF": context deadline exceeded (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)
  35s│   2000│   4499│     15│  239.62│30005.57│ 2181.75│    4.17│200:4499;509:15
请求失败: Get "https://time.geekbang.org/search?q=%E5%90%8E%E7%AB%AF": context deadline exceeded (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)
请求失败: Get "https://time.geekbang.org/search?q=%E5%90%8E%E7%AB%AF": context deadline exceeded (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)
﻿
真实图形是这样的：
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看，现实就是比理想曲折。这是从用户角度看到的真实的压测。