通过 PXE 自动化安装 Ubuntu Server

vms_entry() {  headline "vms-builder is running"
  local ubuntu_iso_url="https://${ubuntu_mirrors[0]}/ubuntu-releases/${ubuntu_codename}/${ubuntu_iso}"  local alternate_ubuntu_iso_url=${alternate_ubuntu_iso_url:-$ubuntu_iso_url}
  local tftp_dir=/srv/tftp  local full_nginx=-full
  v_install   # install software packages: tftp, dhcp, nginx, etc  v_config    # and configure its  v_end       #}

v_install() {  echo && headline "$(fn_name)" && line
  v_install_tftp_server  v_install_dhcp_server  v_install_web_server}
v_install_tftp_server() {  headline "$(fn_name)"  install_packages tftpd-hpa}
v_install_dhcp_server() {  headline "$(fn_name)"  install_packages isc-dhcp-server}
v_install_web_server() {  headline "$(fn_name)"  install_packages nginx$full_nginx}

v_config() {  echo && headline "$(fn_name)" && line
  v_config_dirs  v_download_iso
  v_config_boot  v_config_grub
  v_config_bash_skel
  v_config_tftp  v_config_dhcp  v_config_nginx
  v_config_aif        # autoinstall files}

v_config_dirs() {  $SUDO mkdir -pv $tftp_dir/{autoinstall,bash,boot/live-server,cdrom,grub,iso,priv}}

v_download_iso() {  headline "$(fn_name)"  local tgt=$tftp_dir/iso/$ubuntu_iso  [ -f $tgt ] || {    wget "$alternate_ubuntu_iso_url" -O $tgt  }
  grep -qE "$tftp_dir/iso/" /etc/fstab || {    echo "$tftp_dir/iso/$ubuntu_iso on $tftp_dir/cdrom    iso9660     ro,loop    0 0" | $SUDO tee -a /etc/fstab    $SUDO mount -a && ls -la --color $tftp_dir/cdrom  }}

v_config_boot() {  # boot files  local tgt=$tftp_dir/boot/live-server  [ -f $tgt/vmlinuz ] || {    $SUDO cp $tftp_dir/cdrom/casper/vmlinuz $tgt/    $SUDO cp $tftp_dir/cdrom/casper/initrd $tgt/  }}

local tgt=$tftp_dir/grub

  [ -f $tftp_dir/pxelinux.0 ] || {    $SUDO wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/${ubuntu_codename}/main/uefi/grub2-amd64/current/grubnetx64.efi.signed -O $tftp_dir/pxelinux.0  }

  [ -f $tgt/font.pf2 ] || $SUDO cp $tftp_dir/cdrom/boot/grub/font.pf2 $tgt/

  [ -f $tgt/grub.cfg ] || {    cat <<-EOF | $SUDO tee $tgt/grub.cfg
      if loadfont /boot/grub/font.pf2 ; then        set gfxmode=auto        insmod efi_gop        insmod efi_uga        insmod gfxterm        terminal_output gfxterm      fi
      set menu_color_normal=white/black      set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray
      set timeout=3
      menuentry "Ubuntu server 20.04 autoinstall" --id=autoinstall {          echo "Loading Kernel..."          # make sure to escape the ';' or surround argument in quotes          linux /boot/live-server/vmlinuz ramdisk_size=1500000 ip=dhcp url="http://${PXE_IP}:3001/iso/ubuntu-${ubuntu_version}-live-server-amd64.iso" autoinstall ds="nocloud-net;s=http://${PXE_IP}:3001/autoinstall/" root=/dev/ram0 cloud-config-url=/dev/null          echo "Loading Ram Disk..."          initrd /boot/live-server/initrd      }
      menuentry "Install Ubuntu Server [NEVER USED]" {          set gfxpayload=keep          linux  /casper/vmlinuz   quiet  ---          initrd /casper/initrd      }
      grub_platform      # END OF grub.cfg    EOF

cat <<-EOF | sudo tee filenameEOF

cat <<-EOF | sudo tee -a filenameEOF

echo "dsjkdjs" > filename

echo "djaskdjskadaskldajskldjsakl" | sudo tee filename

v_config_bash_skel() {  [ -f $tftp_dir/bash/boot.sh ] || {    cat <<-"EOF" | $SUDO tee $tftp_dir/bash/boot.sh      #!/bin/bash      # -*- mode: bash; c-basic-offset: 2; tab-width: 2; indent-tabs-mode: t-*-      # vi: set ft=bash noet ci pi sts=0 sw=2 ts=2:      # st:       #
      echo "booted."      [ -f custom.sh ] && bash custom.sh
    EOF  }
  #  $SUDO touch $tftp_dir/priv/gpg.key  $SUDO touch $tftp_dir/priv/custom.sh}

v_config_tftp() {  cat /etc/default/tftpd-hpa}

v_config_dhcp() {  local f=/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf  $SUDO sed -i -r "s/option domain-name .+\$/option domain-name \"$LOCAL_DOMAIN\";/" $f  $SUDO sed -i -r "s/option domain-name-servers .+\$/option domain-name-servers ns1.$LOCAL_DOMAIN, ns2.$LOCAL_DOMAIN;/" $f
  grep -qE "^subnet $DHCP_SUBNET netmask" $f || {    cat <<-EOF | $SUDO tee -a $f
      # https://kb.isc.org/v1/docs/isc-dhcp-44-manual-pages-dhcpdconf      subnet $DHCP_SUBNET netmask $DHCP_MASK {          option routers             $DHCP_DHCP_ROUTER;          option domain-name-servers 114.114.114.114;          option subnet-mask         $DHCP_MASK;          range dynamic-bootp        $DHCP_RANGE;          default-lease-time         21600;          max-lease-time             43200;          next-server                $DHCP_DHCP_SERVER;          filename "pxelinux.0";          # filename "grubx64.efi";      }
    EOF  }
  $SUDO systemctl restart isc-dhcp-server.service}

LOCAL_DOMAIN="ops.local"
DHCP_PRE=172.16.207DHCP_SUBNET=$DHCP_PRE.0DHCP_MASK=255.255.255.0DHCP_DHCP_ROUTER=$DHCP_PRE.2   # it should be a router ip in most casesDHCP_DHCP_SERVER=$DHCP_PRE.90  # IP address of 'pxe-server'DHCP_RANGE="${DHCP_PRE}.100  ${DHCP_PRE}.220"  # the pool
PXE_IP=$DHCP_DHCP_SERVERPXE_HOSTNAME="pxe-server" # BIOS name of PXE server, or IP address

v_config_nginx() {  local f=/etc/nginx/sites-available/default  grep -qE 'listen 3001' $f || {    cat <<-EOF | $SUDO tee -a $f
      server {        listen 3001 default_server;        listen [::]:3001 default_server;        root $tftp_dir;        autoindex on;        autoindex_exact_size on;        autoindex_localtime on;        charset utf-8;        server_name _;      }
    EOF    $SUDO systemctl restart nginx.service  }}

v_config_aif() {  # autoinstall files  $SUDO touch $tftp_dir/autoinstall/meta-data
  declare -a na  local network_str="" str="" n=1 i  na=($(ifconfig -s -a | tail -n +2 | grep -v '^lo' | awk '{print $1}'))  for i in ${na[@]}; do    [[ $n -gt 1 ]] && str=", " || str=""    str="${str}${i}: {dhcp4: yes,dhcp6: yes}"    network_str="${network_str}${str}"    let n++  done
  grep -qE '^#cloud-config' $tftp_dir/autoinstall/user-data || {    cat <<-EOF | $SUDO tee $tftp_dir/autoinstall/user-data      #cloud-config      autoinstall:        version: 1        interactive-sections: []
        # https://ubuntu.com/server/docs/install/autoinstall-reference        # https://ubuntu.com/server/docs/install/autoinstall-schema        apt:          primary:            - arches: [default]              uri: http://${ubuntu_mirrors[0]}/ubuntu
        user-data:          timezone: $TARGET_TIMEZONE          # Europe/London          disable_root: true          # openssl passwd -6 -salt 1234          # mkpasswd -m sha-512          chpasswd:            list: |              root: ${TARGET_PASSWORD}          runcmd:            - wget -P /root/ http://$PXE_HOSTNAME:3001/bash/boot.sh            - wget -P /root/ http://$PXE_HOSTNAME:3001/priv/gpg.key || echo "no gpg key, skipped"            - wget -P /root/ http://$PXE_HOSTNAME:3001/priv/custom.sh || echo "no custom.sh, skipped"            - bash /root/boot.sh            #- sed -ie 's/GRUB_TIMEOUT=.*/GRUB_TIMEOUT=3/' /target/etc/default/grub
        identity:          hostname: $TARGET_HOSTNAME          # username: ubuntu          # password: "\$6\$exDY1mhS4KUYCE/2\$zmn9ToZwTKLhCw.b4/b.ZRTIZM30JZ4QrOQ2aOXJ8yk96xpcCof0kxKwuX1kqLG/ygbJ1f8wxED22bTL4F46P0"          username: $TARGET_USERNAME          password: "${TARGET_PASSWORD}"
        keyboard: {layout: 'us', variant: 'us'}        # keyboard: {layout: 'gb', variant: 'devorak'}        locale: $TARGET_LOCALE
        ssh:          allow-pw: no          install-server: true          authorized-keys: [$(n=1 && for arg in "${TARGET_SSH_KEYS[@]}"; do        # arg=\"$arg\"        [ $n -gt 1 ] && echo -n ", "        echo -n "\"$arg\""        let n++      done)]
        packages: [$(n=1 && for arg in "${TARGET_PKGS[@]}"; do        # arg=\"$arg\"        [ $n -gt 1 ] && echo -n ", "        echo -n "\"$arg\""        let n++      done)]
        storage:          grub:            reorder_uefi: false          swap:            size: 0          config:            # https://askubuntu.com/questions/1244293/how-to-autoinstall-config-fill-disk-option-on-ubuntu-20-04-automated-server-in            - {ptable: gpt, path: /dev/sda, preserve: false, name: '', grub_device: false, type: disk, id: disk-sda}                        - {device: disk-sda, size: 536870912, wipe: superblock, flag: boot, number: 1, preserve: false, grub_device: true, type: partition, id: partition-sda1}            - {fstype: fat32, volume: partition-sda1, preserve: false, type: format, id: format-2}                        - {device: disk-sda, size: 1073741824, wipe: superblock, flag: linux, number: 2,              preserve: false, grub_device: false, type: partition, id: partition-sda2}            - {fstype: ext4, volume: partition-sda2, preserve: false, type: format, id: format-0}                        - {device: disk-sda, size: -1, flag: linux, number: 3, preserve: false,              grub_device: false, type: partition, id: partition-sda3}            - name: vg-0              devices: [partition-sda3]              preserve: false              type: lvm_volgroup              id: lvm-volgroup-vg-0            - {name: lv-root, volgroup: lvm-volgroup-vg-0, size: 100%, preserve: false, type: lvm_partition, id: lvm-partition-lv-root}            - {fstype: ext4, volume: lvm-partition-lv-root, preserve: false, type: format, id: format-1}                        - {device: format-1, path: /, type: mount, id: mount-2}            - {device: format-0, path: /boot, type: mount, id: mount-1}            - {device: format-2, path: /boot/efi, type: mount, id: mount-3}
    EOF  }}

TARGET_HOSTNAME="${TARGET_HOSTNAME:-ubuntu-server}"TARGET_USERNAME="${TARGET_USERNAME:-hz}"TARGET_PASSWORD="${TARGET_PASSWORD:-$_default_passwd}"TARGET_LOCALE="${TARGET_LOCALE:-en_US.UTF-8}"TARGET_SSH_KEYS=(  "ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDxjcUOlmgsabCmeYD8MHnsVxueebIocv5AfG3mpmxA3UZu6GZqnp65ipbWL9oGtZK3BY+WytnbTDMYdVQWmYvlvuU6+HbOoQf/3z3rywkerbNQdffm5o9Yv/re6dlMG5kE4j78cXFcR11xAJvJ3vmM9tGSBBu68DR35KWz2iRUV8l7XV6E+XmkPkqJKr3IvrxdhM0KpCZixuz8z9krNue6NdpyELT/mvD5sL9LG4+XtU0ss7xH1jk5nmAQGaJW9IY8CVGy07awf0Du5CEfepmOH5gJbGwpAIIubAzGarefbltXteerB0bhyyC3VX0Q8lIHZ6GhMZSqfD9vBHRnDLIL")TARGET_PKGS=(  # net-tools  # lsof  curl  wget  # whois)TARGET_TIMEZONE=Asia/Chongqing

$ mkpasswd -m sha-512

_default_passwd="$(mkpasswd -m sha-512 'password')"

        ssh:          allow-pw: no          install-server: true          authorized-keys: [$(n=1 && for arg in "${TARGET_SSH_KEYS[@]}"; do        # arg=\"$arg\"        [ $n -gt 1 ] && echo -n ", "        echo -n "\"$arg\""        let n++      done)]

        ssh:          allow-pw: no          install-server: true          authorized-keys: ["ssh-rsa dskldl", "ssh-rsa djskld"]