作者:threedayman
来源:恒生LIGHT云社区
背景
项目默认需要使用 ZHS16GBK,当使用 UTF8 进行编码时,会出现插入数据超过字段长度限制问题。
原因:gbk 编码中文字符占用两个字节,utf8 编码中文字符时占用三个字节。
为了使初始化脚本能够正常运行,需要将数据库 UTF8 的编码改成 ZHS16GBK 编码**。**
修改步骤
通过以下命令连接到数据库
bash-4.2$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Thu Dec 9 19:17:39 2021
Version 19.3.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0
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查看当前使用的字符编码
SQL> select userenv('language') from dual;
USERENV('LANGUAGE')
----------------------------------------------------
AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
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关闭数据库
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
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启动
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 2.0267E+10 bytes
Fixed Size 12684864 bytes
Variable Size 3355443200 bytes
Database Buffers 1.6844E+10 bytes
Redo Buffers 54423552 bytes
Database mounted.
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修改
SQL> alter system enable restricted session;
System altered.
SQL> alter system set job_queue_processes=0;
System altered.
SQL> alter system set aq_tm_processes=0;
System altered.
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
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当运行修改字符集的命令时,出现错误提示,新的字符集需要时原先字符集的超集。
SQL> ALTER DATABASE CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK;
ALTER DATABASE CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-12712: new character set must be a superset of old character set
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跳过超集检查设置字符集
SQL> ALTER DATABASE character set INTERNAL_USE ZHS16GBK;
Database altered.
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关闭重启
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 2.0267E+10 bytes
Fixed Size 12684864 bytes
Variable Size 3355443200 bytes
Database Buffers 1.6844E+10 bytes
Redo Buffers 54423552 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> select userenv('language') from dual;
USERENV('LANGUAGE')
----------------------------------------------------
AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
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通过查看当前字符集已经修改为 ZHS16GBK。
注:生产环境字符集不要随意进行修改,以免造成不可挽回的损失。
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