「Oracle」Oracle 数据库备份还原

作者：恒生LIGHT云社区

2021 年 12 月 06 日
本文字数：4407 字
阅读完需：约 14 分钟

作者：threedayman
来源：恒生LIGHT云社区

理论准备

oracle 数据库提供 expdp 和 impdp 命令用于备份和恢复数据库。

具体可查阅 oracle 官方文档 https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/12.2/sutil/database-utilities.pdf

备份和还原主要有

FULL_MODE:整个数据库进行备份还原。
Schema Mode：默认导出模式，Schema 模式。
Table Mode：表模式。
Tablespace Mode：表空间模式。

实践

验证 1：备份某一时刻数据库数据，通过恢复语句能够恢复到备份时刻的数据。

切换用户后登录

[root@linuxtestb538 ~]# su oraclebash-4.2$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Tue Nov 23 14:40:45 2021Version 19.3.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - ProductionVersion 19.3.0.0.0
SQL>

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连接到对应用户下

SQL> conn test/test@mypdbConnected.

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创建了 test_tab 表

create table test_tab(id number(9) not null,title varchar2(20));

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插入一条数据

insert into test_tab values(1,'hello world');

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导出数据文件(推出数据库连接)

expdp test/test@mypdb schemas=test dumpfile=test20211119_all.dmp logfile=20211119_all.dmp DIRECTORY=DATA_PUMP_DIR

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插入一条数据

insert into test_tab values(2,'hello test');

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目前数据库中存在两条数据,而数据导出的时候只有一条 hello world 的数据。

SQL> select * from test_tab;
        ID TITLE---------- --------------------         1 hello world         2 hello test

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现在我们通过 impdp 命令恢复数据库数据

bash-4.2$ impdp test/test@mypdb schemas=test DIRECTORY=DATA_PUMP_DIR DUMPFILE=test20211119_all.dmp logfile=20211119_recov.dmp;
Import: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Tue Nov 23 14:52:21 2021Version 19.3.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - ProductionMaster table "TEST"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloadedStarting "TEST"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01":  test/********@mypdb schemas=test DIRECTORY=DATA_PUMP_DIR DUMPFILE=test20211119_all.dmp logfile=20211119_recov.dmp Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USERORA-31684: Object type USER:"TEST" already exists
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANTProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANTProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLEProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMAProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLEORA-39151: Table "TEST"."TEST_TAB" exists. All dependent metadata and data will be skipped due to table_exists_action of skip
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATAProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICSProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/STATISTICS/MARKERJob "TEST"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01" completed with 2 error(s) at Tue Nov 23 14:52:37 2021 elapsed 0 00:00:14

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从输入信息中看到 test_tab 表已经存在所以相关的备份数据跳过不处理，但我们的本意需要让备份数据去覆盖现有数据不管现在表是否已经存在。那我们需要增加 table_exists_action=replace 的参数

impdp test/test@mypdb schemas=test table_exists_action=replace DIRECTORY=DATA_PUMP_DIR DUMPFILE=test20211119_all.dmp logfile=20211119_recov.dmp;
Import: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Tue Nov 23 14:55:57 2021Version 19.3.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - ProductionMaster table "TEST"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloadedStarting "TEST"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01":  test/********@mypdb schemas=test table_exists_action=replace DIRECTORY=DATA_PUMP_DIR DUMPFILE=test20211119_all.dmp logfile=20211119_recov.dmp Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USERORA-31684: Object type USER:"TEST" already exists
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANTProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANTProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLEProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMAProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLEProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA. . imported "TEST"."TEST_TAB"                           5.539 KB       1 rowsProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICSProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/STATISTICS/MARKERJob "TEST"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01" completed with 1 error(s) at Tue Nov 23 14:56:25 2021 elapsed 0 00:00:27

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连接到数据库后,查询 test_tab 表，发现数据已经恢复到只有一条 hello world 的时候，验证通过。

SQL> select * from test_tab;
        ID TITLE---------- --------------------         1 hello world

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验证 2：备份数据的时候不想备份所有表，要根据条件过滤掉某些表进行备份，恢复的时候只恢复备份出来的表数据。

我们再创建一张 his 开头的表

create table his_test_tab(id number(9) not null,title varchar2(20));

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插入数据

insert into his_test_tab values(1,'hello world');

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导出数据

bash-4.2$ expdp test/test@mypdb schemas=test dumpfile=test20211123-1_all.dmp logfile=20211123-1_all.dmp DIRECTORY=DATA_PUMP_DIR EXCLUDE=table:\"like \'HIS%\'\";
Export: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Tue Nov 23 15:16:39 2021Version 19.3.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - ProductionStarting "TEST"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01":  test/********@mypdb schemas=test dumpfile=test20211123-1_all.dmp logfile=20211123-1_all.dmp DIRECTORY=DATA_PUMP_DIR EXCLUDE=table:"like 'HIS%'" Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATAProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICSProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICSProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/STATISTICS/MARKERProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USERProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANTProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANTProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLEProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMAProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLEProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/COMMENTProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX. . exported "TEST"."TEST_TAB"                           5.539 KB       1 rowsMaster table "TEST"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded******************************************************************************Dump file set for TEST.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is:  /opt/oracle/admin/ORCLCDB/dpdump/D0F96921D5E99512E0534390140A837F/test20211123-1_all.dmpJob "TEST"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at Tue Nov 23 15:17:39 2021 elapsed 0 00:01:00

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在 test_tab 和 his_test_tab 表中新增数据

SQL> insert into test_tab values(2,'hello test');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into his_tab values(2,'hello test');insert into his_tab values(2,'hello test')            *ERROR at line 1:ORA-00942: table or view does not exist

SQL> select * from test_tab;
        ID TITLE---------- --------------------         1 hello world         2 hello test
SQL> select * from his_test_tab;
        ID TITLE---------- --------------------         1 hello world         2 hello test

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插入数据后 test_tab 和 his_test_tab 表中

还原数据

bash-4.2$ impdp test/test@mypdb schemas=test table_exists_action=replace DIRECTORY=DATA_PUMP_DIR DUMPFILE=test20211123-1_all.dmp logfile=20211123_recov.dmp;
Import: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Tue Nov 23 15:24:37 2021Version 19.3.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - ProductionMaster table "TEST"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloadedStarting "TEST"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01":  test/********@mypdb schemas=test table_exists_action=replace DIRECTORY=DATA_PUMP_DIR DUMPFILE=test20211123-1_all.dmp logfile=20211123_recov.dmp Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USERORA-31684: Object type USER:"TEST" already exists
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANTProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANTProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLEProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMAProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLEProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA. . imported "TEST"."TEST_TAB"                           5.539 KB       1 rowsProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICSProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/STATISTICS/MARKERJob "TEST"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01" completed with 1 error(s) at Tue Nov 23 15:24:47 2021 elapsed 0 00:00:09

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确认结果

SQL> select * from his_test_tab;
        ID TITLE---------- --------------------         1 hello world         2 hello test
SQL> select * from test_tab;
        ID TITLE---------- --------------------         1 hello world

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结果符合预期 test_tab 数据被还原，his_test_tab 数据没有被还原。通过备份日志也可以看到我们只备份了 test_tab 表中的数据。

发布于: 2021 年 12 月 06 日阅读数: 8

原文链接:【http://xie.infoq.cn/article/94709b39ce8c033d76163fdc0】。文章转载请联系作者。

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