参考: https://abhizer.com/using-nginx-as-a-tcp-load-balancer-for-your-mysql-or-any-other-database/
Overview
随着应用程序的膨胀,我们往往需要扩展程序的基础架构。这篇文章是使用 NGINX 作为 MySQL 的 TCP 负载均衡器的实践。
使用 TCP 负载均衡器的好处:
Let's Do It
我将使用 Docker Compose 在 Linux 系统中部署多个 MySQL 节点和一个 NGINX 节点。Docker Compose 启动文件docker-compose.yml如下:
version: '3.8'
networks: nginx_mariadb:
services: load_balancer: image: nginx:stable-alpine container_name: nginx-load-balancer ports: - "3306:3306" - "33060:33060" volumes: - ./nginx/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf depends_on: - mariadb-master - mariadb-slave networks: - nginx_mariadb
mariadb-master: image: 'bitnami/mariadb:latest' hostname: "master.janwee.ubuntu" container_name: mariadb_master volumes: - ./mariadb:/var/lib/mysql restart: unless-stopped tty: true environment: MARIADB_REPLICATION_MODE: master MARIADB_DATABASE: nerddb MARIADB_USER: janwee MARIADB_PASSWORD: janwee MARIADB_ROOT_PASSWORD: janwee MARIADB_REPLICATION_USER: rplusr MARIADB_REPLICATION_PASSWORD: janwee networks: - nginx_mariadb
mariadb-slave: image: 'bitnami/mariadb:latest' hostname: "slave.janwee.ubuntu" container_name: mariadb_slave restart: unless-stopped tty: true environment: MARIADB_REPLICATION_MODE: slave MARIADB_REPLICATION_USER: rplusr MARIADB_REPLICATION_PASSWORD: janwee MARIADB_MASTER_HOST: "master.janwee.ubuntu" MARIADB_MASTER_PORT_NUMBER: 3306 MARIADB_MASTER_ROOT_PASSWORD: janwee networks: - nginx_mariadb depends_on: - mariadb-master
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这里使用 bitnami 的镜像是因为更容易部署 MySQL 主从复制架构。主节点的主机名是 master.janwee.ubuntu,从节点的主机名是 slave.janwee.ubuntu。将三个节点都放在同一个网络下,在 NGINX 负载均衡器中暴露 3306 和 33060 端口。
NGINX 节点中的 volumes 选项将配置文件 nginx/nginx.conf 挂载到容器内部:
worker_processes 1;
# Configuration of connection processingevents { worker_connections 1024;}
# Configuration specific to TCP/UDP and affecting all virtual serversstream { log_format log_stream '$remote_addr - [$time_local] $protocol $status $bytes_sent $bytes_received $session_time "$upstream_addr"'; access_log /var/log/nginx/mysql.log log_stream;
upstream mariadb_read { server master.janwee.ubuntu:3306; server slave.janwee.ubuntu:3306; } # Configuration of a TCP virtual server server { listen 3306; # Specify the several addresse proxy_pass mariadb_read; proxy_connect_timeout 1s; error_log /var/log/nginx/mysql_error.log; }
upstream mariadb_write { server master.janwee.ubuntu:3306; }
server { listen 33060; proxy_pass mariadb_write; proxy_connect_timeout 1s; error_log /var/log/nginx/mysql_error.log; }}
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这里设置了两个输入流:mariadb_read 和 mariadb_write。read 同时指向主节点和从节点,write 指向主节点。
然后将 nginx 主机名 janwee.ubuntu 加入本地 DNS 配置文件 /etc/hosts中,在 Linux 终端中使用如下命令:
echo "127.0.0.1 db.janwee.ubuntu" >> /etc/hosts
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在docker-compose.yml所在目录下运行如下命令启动容器组:
测试连接到 3306 端口并使用 SELECT @@hostname;查询当前主机名:
$ mysql -h janwee.ubuntu -P 3306 -u root -pjanwee -e "select @@hostname";+---------------------+| @@hostname |+---------------------+| slave.janwee.ubuntu |+---------------------+
$ mysql -h janwee.ubuntu -P 3306 -u root -pjanwee -e "select @@hostname";+----------------------+| @@hostname |+----------------------+| master.janwee.ubuntu |+----------------------+
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测试连接到 33060 端口并使用 SELECT @@hostname; 查询当前主机名:
$ mysql -h janwee.ubuntu -P 33060 -u root -pjanwee -e "select @@hostname";+---------------------+| @@hostname |+---------------------+| master.janwee.ubuntu |+---------------------+
$ mysql -h janwee.ubuntu -P 33060 -u root -pjanwee -e "select @@hostname";+----------------------+| @@hostname |+----------------------+| master.janwee.ubuntu |+----------------------+
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测试结果表明,当连接 3306 端口时 NGINX 会在主节点和从节点之间变更,而连接 33060 时只会连接到主节点。
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