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MySQL 派生表查询导致 Crash 的根源分析与解决方案

作者:GreatSQL
  • 2025-05-23
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  • 本文字数:4996 字

    阅读完需:约 16 分钟

MySQL 派生表查询导致 Crash 的根源分析与解决方案

一、问题发现

在之前的 MySQL 8.0.32 使用中,发现使用以下带有派生表的 SQL 会导致 MySQL Crash,以下的 sequence_table(2)替换为任何非常量表都行:


仅 MySQL 8.0.32 版本有影响。


EXPLAIN FORMAT=TREE select      trim(ref_15.c_ogj),    0<>0 as c_lrcm63eani  from     (select     0<>0 as c_ogj  from    sequence_table(2) t1  where 0<>0  order by c_ogj asc) as ref_15;
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Crash 的堆栈如下:


Thread 55 "mysqld" received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.Item_view_ref::used_tables (this=0x7fff2418f410)    at sql/item.h:66706670            table_map inner_map = ref_item()->used_tables(); ==> ref_item()为空指针,因此crash了(gdb) bt#0  Item_view_ref::used_tables (this=0x7fff2418f410)    at sql/item.h:6670#1  0x0000555558e978d1 in Item::const_item (this=0x7fff2418f410)    at sql/item.h:2342#2  0x0000555558ecc765 in Item_ref::print (this=0x7fff2418f410, thd=0x7fff24001050,     str=0x7fffc83ee7e0, query_type=(QT_TO_SYSTEM_CHARSET | QT_SHOW_SELECT_NUMBER))    at sql/item.cc:9993#3  0x000055555903b839 in Item_func_trim::print (this=0x7fff24120d20, thd=0x7fff24001050,     str=0x7fffc83ee7e0, query_type=(QT_TO_SYSTEM_CHARSET | QT_SHOW_SELECT_NUMBER))    at sql/item_strfunc.cc:3244#4  0x0000555558ea7fc5 in Item::print_item_w_name (this=0x7fff24120d20, thd=0x7fff24001050,     str=0x7fffc83ee7e0, query_type=(QT_TO_SYSTEM_CHARSET | QT_SHOW_SELECT_NUMBER))    at sql/item.cc:727#5  0x00005555593f18c0 in Query_block::print_item_list (this=0x7fff24120768, thd=0x7fff24001050,     str=0x7fffc83ee7e0, query_type=(QT_TO_SYSTEM_CHARSET | QT_SHOW_SELECT_NUMBER))    at sql/sql_lex.cc:4041#6  0x00005555593efb50 in Query_block::print_query_block (this=0x7fff24120768,     thd=0x7fff24001050, str=0x7fffc83ee7e0,     query_type=(QT_TO_SYSTEM_CHARSET | QT_SHOW_SELECT_NUMBER))    at sql/sql_lex.cc:3614#7  0x00005555593efa3d in Query_block::print (this=0x7fff24120768, thd=0x7fff24001050,     str=0x7fffc83ee7e0, query_type=(QT_TO_SYSTEM_CHARSET | QT_SHOW_SELECT_NUMBER))    at sql/sql_lex.cc:3598#8  0x00005555593ee556 in Query_expression::print (this=0x7fff24120670, thd=0x7fff24001050,     str=0x7fffc83ee7e0, query_type=(QT_TO_SYSTEM_CHARSET | QT_SHOW_SELECT_NUMBER))    at sql/sql_lex.cc:3232#9  0x0000555559a89c2c in print_query_for_explain (query_thd=0x7fff24001050,     unit=0x7fff24120670, str=0x7fffc83ee7e0)    at sql/opt_explain.cc:2288#10 0x0000555559a10b11 in PrintQueryPlan[abi:cxx11](THD*, THD const*, Query_expression*) (    ethd=0x7fff24001050, query_thd=0x7fff24001050, unit=0x7fff24120670)    at sql/join_optimizer/explain_access_path.cc:1894#11 0x0000555559a8985a in ExplainIterator (ethd=0x7fff24001050, query_thd=0x7fff24001050,     unit=0x7fff24120670) at sql/opt_explain.cc:2205#12 0x0000555559a89e91 in explain_query (explain_thd=0x7fff24001050, query_thd=0x7fff24001050,     unit=0x7fff24120670) at sql/opt_explain.cc:2359#13 0x000055555955cd46 in Sql_cmd_dml::execute_inner (this=0x7fff24165630, thd=0x7fff24001050)
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二、问题调查过程

调查执行 SQL 的 optimize 的过程,分析发现该 SQL 的 SQL 变换情况如下:


以下的 trim(ref_15.c_ogj) 执行完 find_order_in_list 后,Item_func_trimargs[0]->m_ref_item[0] 等于0<>0 as c_lrcm63eani,而不是0<>0 as c_ogj,这是因为c_lrcm63eani和 c_ogj 的名字都一样,都是 0<>0,在find_order_in_list函数里面由于名字一样因此内层字段被外层替代了。而后在Item::clean_up_after_removal执行的时候,Item_func_ne 即 c_lrcm63eani 因为出现了 2 次,因此执行了 2 次decrement_ref_count(),然而在Query_block::delete_unused_merged_columns函数却把0<>0 as c_lrcm63eani的 Item 置为空了,因为这个时候 c_lrcm63eani 的item->decrement_ref_count()以后 ref_count()为 0 因此继续执行Item::clean_up_after_removal了。


EXPLAIN FORMAT=TREE select      trim(ref_15.c_ogj),    0<>0 as c_lrcm63eani  from     (select     0<>0 as c_ogj  from    sequence_table(2) t1  where 0<>0  order by c_ogj asc) as ref_15;
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查看函数调用过程发现 Query_block 在 prepare 的时候执行了 delete_unused_merged_columns,


-- 函数调用过程: Query_block::prepare -> Query_block::apply_local_transforms -> Query_block::delete_unused_merged_columns
bool find_order_in_list() { if (select_item != not_found_item) { if ((*order->item)->real_item() != (*select_item)->real_item()) { Item::Cleanup_after_removal_context ctx( thd->lex->current_query_block());
(*order->item) ->walk(&Item::clean_up_after_removal, walk_options, ==>Item_func_ne执行了2次,也执行了2次decrement_ref_count() pointer_cast<uchar *>(&ctx)); } }}
bool Query_block::apply_local_transforms(THD *thd, bool prune) { DBUG_TRACE;
assert(first_execution); -- 这个函数把((Item_func *)&fields[0][0])->args[0]->m_ref_item[0]给删了 if (derived_table_count) delete_unused_merged_columns(&m_table_nest);}
void Query_block::delete_unused_merged_columns( mem_root_deque<Table_ref *> *tables) { DBUG_TRACE;
for (Table_ref *tl : *tables) { if (tl->nested_join == nullptr) continue; if (tl->is_merged()) { for (Field_translator *transl = tl->field_translation; transl < tl->field_translation_end; transl++) { Item *const item = transl->item; // Decrement the ref count as its no more used in // select list. if (item->decrement_ref_count()) continue; -- 因为执行完decrement_ref_count()以后返回的m_ref_count=0因此不会跳出这个循环
// Cleanup the item since its not referenced from // anywhere. assert(item->fixed); Item::Cleanup_after_removal_context ctx(this); item->walk(&Item::clean_up_after_removal, walk_options, pointer_cast<uchar *>(&ctx)); transl->item = nullptr; -- 这个地方把Item_view_ref引用的Item_func_ne对象置为空了,即把trim函数参数的c_lrcm63eani列删除了 } } delete_unused_merged_columns(&tl->nested_join->m_tables); }}
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三、解决方案

通过上面的分析,我们可以发现问题在于多执行了一次Item::clean_up_after_removal,随后在 MySQL 最新代码尝试执行以上 SQL 发现该 BUG 已经被修复,找到相关修复代码,可以发现以下修复代码。


相关 commit ID 号为: 2171a1260e2cdbbd379646be8ff6413a92fd48f4


-- 相关修复代码如下:@@ -7575,7 +7865,6 @@ bool Item::clean_up_after_removal(uchar *arg) {    if (reference_count() > 1) {     (void)decrement_ref_count();+    ctx->stop_at(this);   }   return false; }
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修改完查看一下这个函数的堆栈信息:


#0  Item::clean_up_after_removal (this=0x2,     arg=0x41 <error: Cannot access memory at address 0x41>)    at sql/item.cc:9236#1  0x0000555558fea5a8 in Item::walk (this=0x7fff2c338db8, processor=&virtual table offset 864,     walk=7, arg=0x7fffc83ee4b0 "") at sql/item.h:2543#2  0x00005555596cc6f2 in find_order_in_list (thd=0x7fff2c001070, ref_item_array=...,     tables=0x7fff2c330b90, order=0x7fff2c32eae8, fields=0x7fff2c32fb20, is_group_field=false,     is_window_order=false) at sql/sql_resolver.cc:4625#3  0x00005555596cd0ae in setup_order (thd=0x7fff2c001070, ref_item_array=...,     tables=0x7fff2c330b90, fields=0x7fff2c32fb20, order=0x7fff2c32eae8)    at sql/sql_resolver.cc:4811#4  0x00005555596bf528 in Query_block::prepare (this=0x7fff2c32fae0, thd=0x7fff2c001070,     insert_field_list=0x0) at sql/sql_resolver.cc:400#5  0x00005555597d035d in Query_expression::prepare (this=0x7fff2c32f9e8, thd=0x7fff2c001070,     sel_result=0x7fff2c33b2a8, insert_field_list=0x0, added_options=0, removed_options=0)    at sql/sql_union.cc:758#6  0x0000555559590772 in Table_ref::resolve_derived (this=0x7fff2c339790, thd=0x7fff2c001070,     apply_semijoin=true) at sql/sql_derived.cc:451#7  0x00005555596c2a80 in Query_block::resolve_placeholder_tables (this=0x7fff2c333f08,     thd=0x7fff2c001070, apply_semijoin=true)    at sql/sql_resolver.cc:1408#8  0x00005555596bea62 in Query_block::prepare (this=0x7fff2c333f08, thd=0x7fff2c001070,     insert_field_list=0x0) at sql/sql_resolver.cc:265
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对于0<>0 as c_lrcm63eani这个Item_func_ne对象,执行到Item::clean_up_after_removal的时候,因为reference_count() > 1因此会执行新添加的ctx->stop_at(this),等到下一次再执行到这个Item_func_neclean_up_after_removal()函数的时候,就会因为ctx->is_stopped(this)而直接返回,不再执行一次decrement_ref_count(),从而避免了执行后面的transl->item = nullptr


bool find_order_in_list() {  if (select_item != not_found_item) {      if ((*order->item)->real_item() != (*select_item)->real_item()) {        Item::Cleanup_after_removal_context ctx(            thd->lex->current_query_block());
(*order->item) ->walk(&Item::clean_up_after_removal, walk_options, -- Item_func_ne执行了2次,而只执行了一次decrement_ref_count() pointer_cast<uchar *>(&ctx)); } }}
void Query_block::delete_unused_merged_columns( mem_root_deque<Table_ref *> *tables) { DBUG_TRACE;
for (Table_ref *tl : *tables) { if (tl->nested_join == nullptr) continue; if (tl->is_merged()) { for (Field_translator *transl = tl->field_translation; transl < tl->field_translation_end; transl++) { Item *const item = transl->item; // Decrement the ref count as its no more used in // select list. if (item->decrement_ref_count()) continue; 因为执行完decrement_ref_count()以后返回的m_ref_count=1因此不会继续执行后面的置空设置
// Cleanup the item since its not referenced from // anywhere. assert(item->fixed); Item::Cleanup_after_removal_context ctx(this); item->walk(&Item::clean_up_after_removal, walk_options, pointer_cast<uchar *>(&ctx)); transl->item = nullptr; ==>这个地方不会运行到 } } delete_unused_merged_columns(&tl->nested_join->m_tables); }}
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四、问题总结

通过以上分析我们可以发现,对于复杂的 SQL 会执行复杂的 Item 变换和删除不需要的 Item,但是正是由于这样才更容易导致 Crash 的出现。分析类似这样的 Crash 问题的时候,因为涉及代码量大,代码逻辑复杂往往很难找到相关修复代码,因此需要对代码运行流程比较熟悉,同时要有相关复杂问题解决的经验才能更好的应对这类问题。

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