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【Flutter 专题】62 图解基本 Button 按钮小结 (二)

发布于: 2 小时前
【Flutter 专题】62 图解基本 Button 按钮小结 (二)

      小菜继续尝试 Flutter 的基本按钮;今天小菜学习 MaterialButton 系列相关 Button;该系列以 MaterialButton 为父类,衍生出 RaisedButton 凸起按钮,FlatButton 扁平按钮和 OutlineButton 边框按钮;可根据不同场景灵活运用;



MaterialButton

源码分析
const MaterialButton({    Key key,    @required this.onPressed,    this.onHighlightChanged,        // 高亮变化的回调    this.textTheme,                 // 文字主题    this.textColor,                 // 文字颜色    this.disabledTextColor,         // 不可点击时文字颜色    this.color,                     // 背景色    this.disabledColor,             // 不可点击时背景色    this.highlightColor,            // 点击高亮时背景色    this.splashColor,               // 水波纹颜色    this.colorBrightness,    this.elevation,                 // 阴影高度    this.highlightElevation,        // 高亮时阴影高度    this.disabledElevation,         // 不可点击时阴影高度    this.padding,                   // 内容周围边距    this.shape,                     // 按钮样式    this.clipBehavior = Clip.none,  // 抗锯齿剪切效果    this.materialTapTargetSize,     // 点击目标的最小尺寸    this.animationDuration,         // 动画效果持续时长    this.minWidth,                  // 最小宽度    this.height,                    // 按钮高度    this.child, })
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      分析源码可知,MaterialButton 作为其他 Button 父类,各属性比较清晰明了,有 hight 属性可设置 Button 高度,其子类 Button 只可通过 padding 或其他方式调整高度;

案例尝试

      小菜测试发现 hight 可以设置 MaterialButton 高度,但 shape 按钮形状却不适用;其父类 RawMaterialButton 却正常;小菜尝试网上大神的处理方式是外层依赖 Material 并需要 clip 裁切成 shape 样式;有待进一步学习;


Material(    shape: RoundedRectangleBorder(borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(30.0)),    clipBehavior: Clip.antiAlias,    child: MaterialButton(        color: Colors.teal.withOpacity(0.4),        height: 60.0,        child: Text('MaterialButton'),        onPressed: () {}))
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RaisedButton / FlatButton

源码分析
const RaisedButton({    Key key,    @required VoidCallback onPressed,    ValueChanged<bool> onHighlightChanged,    ButtonTextTheme textTheme,          // 按钮文字主题    Color textColor,                    // 子元素颜色    Color disabledTextColor,            // 不可点击时子元素颜色    Color color,                        // 按钮背景色    Color disabledColor,                // 不可点击时按钮背景色    Color highlightColor,               // 点击高亮时按钮背景色    Color splashColor,                  // 水波纹颜色    Brightness colorBrightness,         // 颜色对比度    double elevation,                   // 阴影高度    double highlightElevation,          // 高亮时阴影高度    double disabledElevation,           // 不可点击时阴影高度    EdgeInsetsGeometry padding,         // 子元素周围边距    ShapeBorder shape,                  // 按钮样式    Clip clipBehavior = Clip.none,      // 抗锯齿剪切效果    MaterialTapTargetSize materialTapTargetSize,    Duration animationDuration,         // 动画时长    Widget child,})
const FlatButton({ Key key, @required VoidCallback onPressed, ValueChanged<bool> onHighlightChanged, ButtonTextTheme textTheme, // 按钮文字主题 Color textColor, // 子元素颜色 Color disabledTextColor, // 不可点击时子元素颜色 Color color, // 按钮背景色 Color disabledColor, // 不可点击时按钮背景色 Color highlightColor, // 点击高亮时按钮背景色 Color splashColor, // 水波纹颜色 Brightness colorBrightness, // 颜色对比度 EdgeInsetsGeometry padding, // 子元素周围边距 ShapeBorder shape, // 按钮样式 Clip clipBehavior = Clip.none, // 抗锯齿剪切效果 MaterialTapTargetSize materialTapTargetSize, @required Widget child, })
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      分析源码可知,RaisedButtonFlatButton 基本完全相同,只是 RaisedButton 多了一些阴影高度的特有属性,小菜准备同时对两类 Button 进行尝试,比较两者的不同;

案例尝试
  1. 小菜首先尝试最基本的 RaisedButton / FlatButton 可点击和不可点击样式;


// 可点击RaisedButton(child: Text('RaisedButton'), onPressed: () => Toast.show('RaisedButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))FlatButton(child: Text('FlatButton'), onPressed: () => Toast.show('FlatButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))
// 不可点击RaisedButton(child: Text('RaisedButton'), onPressed: null)FlatButton(child: Text('FlatButton'), onPressed: null)
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  1. ButtonTextTheme 为默认子元素主题,可以设置基本的三种主题样式:nomal 对应 [ThemeData.brightness]primary 对应 [ThemeData.primaryColor]accent 对应 [ThemeData.accentColor];展示效果比较明显;


RaisedButton(child: Text('R.nomal'), textTheme: ButtonTextTheme.normal, onPressed: () => Toast.show('RaisedButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))RaisedButton(child: Text('R.primary'), textTheme: ButtonTextTheme.primary, onPressed: () => Toast.show('RaisedButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))RaisedButton(child: Text('R.accent'), textTheme: ButtonTextTheme.accent, onPressed: () => Toast.show('RaisedButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))
FlatButton(child: Text('F.nomal'), textTheme: ButtonTextTheme.normal, onPressed: () => Toast.show('FlatButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))FlatButton(child: Text('F.primary'), textTheme: ButtonTextTheme.primary, onPressed: () => Toast.show('FlatButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))FlatButton(child: Text('F.accent'), textTheme: ButtonTextTheme.accent, onPressed: () => Toast.show('FlatButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM)) OutlineButton(child: Text('O.nomal'), textTheme: ButtonTextTheme.normal, onPressed: () => Toast.show('OutlineButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))OutlineButton(child: Text('O.primary'), textTheme: ButtonTextTheme.primary, onPressed: () => Toast.show('OutlineButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))OutlineButton(child: Text('O.accent'), textTheme: ButtonTextTheme.accent, onPressed: () => Toast.show('OutlineButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))
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  1. textColor 为子 Widget 中元素颜色,不仅为文字颜色;disabledTextColor 为不可点击时子 Widget 元素颜色;splashColor 为点击时水波纹颜色;


// 可点击RaisedButton(child: Row(mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,        children: <Widget>[ Padding(child: Icon(Icons.ac_unit), padding: EdgeInsets.only(right: 10.0)), Text('RaisedButton') ]),    textColor: Colors.deepPurple, onPressed: () => {})FlatButton(child: Row(mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,        children: <Widget>[ Padding(child: Icon(Icons.ac_unit), padding: EdgeInsets.only(right: 10.0)), Text('FlatButton') ]),    textColor: Colors.deepPurple, onPressed: () => {})    // 不可点击RaisedButton(child: Row(mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,        children: <Widget>[ Padding(child: Icon(Icons.ac_unit), padding: EdgeInsets.only(right: 10.0)), Text('RaisedButton') ]),    textColor: Colors.deepPurple, onPressed: null)FlatButton(child: Row(mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,        children: <Widget>[ Padding(child: Icon(Icons.ac_unit), padding: EdgeInsets.only(right: 10.0)), Text('FlatButton') ]),    textColor: Colors.deepPurple, onPressed: null)
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  1. colorButton 背景色;highlightColor 为点击时高亮背景色;disabledColor 为不可点击时背景色;


// 可点击RaisedButton(child: Text('RaisedButton'), onPressed: () => {},    color: Colors.green.withOpacity(0.4), highlightColor: Colors.purple.withOpacity(0.4),    splashColor: Colors.yellow.withOpacity(0.7))FlatButton(child: Text('FlatButton'), onPressed: () => {},    color: Colors.green.withOpacity(0.4), highlightColor: Colors.purple.withOpacity(0.4),    splashColor: Colors.yellow.withOpacity(0.7))    // 不可点击RaisedButton(child: Text('RaisedButton'), onPressed: null, disabledColor: Colors.red.withOpacity(0.4))FlatButton(child: Text('FlatButton'), onPressed: null, disabledColor: Colors.red.withOpacity(0.4),)
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  1. shapeButton 形状;因按钮没有 Materialhight 属性,需要采用 padding 或外层依赖其他 Widget 调整按钮大小;


RaisedButton(child: Text('RaisedButton'), onPressed: () => {}    padding: EdgeInsets.all(16.0),    shape: RoundedRectangleBorder(borderRadius: BorderRadius.all(Radius.circular(30.0))))FlatButton(child: Text('FlatButton'), onPressed: () => {}    padding: EdgeInsets.all(16.0),    shape: RoundedRectangleBorder(borderRadius: BorderRadius.all(Radius.circular(30.0))))
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  1. colorBrightness 代表颜色对比度,一般分为 light / dark 两种;一般时深色的背景需要浅色的文字对比,浅色的背景需要深色的文字对比;


// 可点击RaisedButton(child: Text('R.light'), colorBrightness: Brightness.light, onPressed: () => {})RaisedButton(child: Text('R.dark'), colorBrightness: Brightness.dark, onPressed: () => {})FlatButton(child: Text('F.light'), colorBrightness: Brightness.light, onPressed: () => {})FlatButton(child: Text('F.dark'), colorBrightness: Brightness.dark, onPressed: () => {})
// 不可点击RaisedButton(child: Text('R.light'), colorBrightness: Brightness.light, onPressed: null)RaisedButton(child: Text('R.dark'), colorBrightness: Brightness.dark, onPressed: null)FlatButton(child: Text('F.light'), colorBrightness: Brightness.light, onPressed: null)FlatButton(child: Text('F.dark'), colorBrightness: Brightness.dark, onPressed: null)
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  1. RaisedButton / FlatButton 均提供了 .icon 带图标的简单方式,icon / label 两个属性是必须属性;注意,.icon 方式中 RaisedButton 没有 padding 属性;


RaisedButton.icon(icon: Icon(Icons.ac_unit), label: Text('RaisedButton'),    shape: RoundedRectangleBorder(borderRadius: BorderRadius.all(Radius.circular(30.0))), onPressed: () => {})FlatButton.icon(icon: Icon(Icons.ac_unit), label: Text('FlatButton'),    padding: EdgeInsets.all(16.0),    shape: RoundedRectangleBorder(borderRadius: BorderRadius.all(Radius.circular(30.0))), onPressed: () => {})
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  1. elevationRaisedButton 所特有的阴影高度;highlightElevation 为高亮时阴影高度;disabledColor 为不可点击时阴影高度;


RaisedButton(child: Text('阴影'), elevation: 20.0, onPressed: () => {})RaisedButton(child: Text('阴影'), elevation: 0.0, highlightElevation: 20.0, onPressed: () => {})RaisedButton(child: Text('阴影'), disabledElevation: 20.0, onPressed: null)
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OutlineButton

源码分析
const OutlineButton({    Key key,    @required VoidCallback onPressed,    ButtonTextTheme textTheme,          // 按钮文字主题    Color textColor,                    // 文字颜色    Color disabledTextColor,            // 不可点击时文字颜色    Color color,                        // 按钮背景色    Color highlightColor,               // 高亮时颜色    Color splashColor,                  // 水波纹颜色    double highlightElevation,          // 高亮时阴影高度    this.borderSide,                    // 边框样式    this.disabledBorderColor,           // 不可点击时边框颜色    this.highlightedBorderColor,        // 高亮时边框颜色    EdgeInsetsGeometry padding,         // 内容周围边距    ShapeBorder shape,                  // 按钮样式    Clip clipBehavior = Clip.none,      // 抗锯齿剪切效果    Widget child,})
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      分析源码可知,OutlineButton 与其他两种按钮略有不同,强调边框的样式属性且无长按的 tooltip 属性;

案例尝试
  1. 小菜首先尝试一个最基本的 OutlineButton;长按无提醒;


OutlineButton(child: Text('OutlineButton'), onPressed: () => Toast.show('OutlineButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))
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  1. 小菜尝试与其他按钮相同的几类按钮属性,使用方式相同;


OutlineButton(    child: Row(mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min, children: <Widget>[      Padding(child: Icon(Icons.ac_unit), padding: EdgeInsets.only(right: 10.0)),      Text('OutlineButton')    ]),    textColor: Colors.pink,    disabledTextColor: Colors.green,    padding: EdgeInsets.all(20.0),    color: Colors.blueAccent.withOpacity(0.2),    highlightColor: Colors.amber,    borderSide: BorderSide(width: 4.0),    highlightedBorderColor: Colors.brown,    disabledBorderColor: Colors.greenAccent,    shape: RoundedRectangleBorder(borderRadius: BorderRadius.all(Radius.circular(50.0))),    clipBehavior: Clip.none,    onPressed: () => Toast.show('OutlineButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))
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  1. 以下为 OutlineButton 特有属性:borderSide 代表边框样式;disabledBorderColor 代表不可点击时边框颜色;highlightedBorderColor 代表高亮时边框颜色;其中 borderSide 可以设置边框颜色宽度及样式(solid / none);


OutlineButton(child: Text('OutlineButton'),    borderSide: BorderSide(width: 4.0, color: Colors.deepPurple, style: BorderStyle.solid),    highlightedBorderColor: Colors.teal,    onPressed: () => Toast.show('OutlineButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))
OutlineButton(child: Text('OutlineButton'), borderSide: BorderSide(width: 4.0, color: Colors.deepPurple, style: BorderStyle.solid), disabledBorderColor: Colors.redAccent, onPressed: null)
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  1. OutlineButton 还提供了 .icon 带图标的简单方式,icon / label 两个属性是必须属性;


OutlineButton.icon(    icon: Icon(Icons.ac_unit),    label: Text('OutlineButton'),    textColor: Colors.pink,    disabledTextColor: Colors.green,    padding: EdgeInsets.all(20.0),    color: Colors.blueAccent.withOpacity(0.2),    highlightColor: Colors.amber,    borderSide: BorderSide(width: 4.0),    highlightedBorderColor: Colors.brown,    disabledBorderColor: Colors.greenAccent,    shape: RoundedRectangleBorder(borderRadius: BorderRadius.all(Radius.circular(50.0))),    clipBehavior: Clip.none,    onPressed: () => Toast.show('OutlineButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))
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扩展

1. textColor 的作用?

      小菜原来以为按钮的子元素是 Widget,可自由设置各类效果,单独的 textColor 是否会略显多余;可实际并非如此,子元素设置颜色等之后 textColor 不生效;但 textColor 与主题相关;小菜以 OutlineButton 为例,一目了然;


// Text 设置颜色OutlineButton(    child: Text('OutlineButton', style: TextStyle(color: Colors.deepPurple)),    onPressed: () => Toast.show('OutlineButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))// textColor 设置颜色 OutlineButton(    child: Text('OutlineButton'), textColor: Colors.deepPurple,    onPressed: () => Toast.show('OutlineButton', context, duration: Toast.LENGTH_SHORT, gravity: Toast.BOTTOM))
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2. 阴影如何改颜色?

      使用 RaisedButton 时会自带阴影效果,阴影的高度和高亮时的阴影高度均可自由设置;但是阴影的颜色应该如何处理呢,官方暂未提供阴影效果属性;小菜尝试了网上大神的方式,RaisedButton 外层依赖带模糊阴影效果的 Container;小菜借鉴并稍微调整一下,解决方案并非最佳,仅作尝试;


      初始时定义一个默认的高度 height 作为阴影高度,监听按钮的 onHighlightChanged 方法更改 height 高度作为高亮时阴影高度;


建议:a. 使用高亮颜色时 highlightElevation 建议设置为 0.0;b. 若按钮有样式设置,依赖的 Container 也要设置相同的 shape 样式;


var height = 5.0;Container(    decoration: BoxDecoration(        borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(30.0),        boxShadow: <BoxShadow>[          BoxShadow(              color: Colors.red.withOpacity(0.2),              blurRadius: hight,              offset: Offset(0, hight))        ]),    child: RaisedButton(        child: Text('RaisedButton'),        padding: EdgeInsets.symmetric(vertical: 15.0),        highlightElevation: 0.0,        onHighlightChanged: (state) {          setState(() {            hight = (state) ? 20.0 : 5.0;          });        },        shape: RoundedRectangleBorder(borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(30.0)),        onPressed: () => {}))
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      小菜对 Button 的基本学习暂且到此,还有一些遗留问题有待研究,如有错误请多多指导!


来源: 阿策小和尚

发布于: 2 小时前阅读数: 2
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【Flutter 专题】62 图解基本 Button 按钮小结 (二)