Python 数据类型详解：列表、字典、元组与集合的操作指南

   # List 列表    files = ["f1.txt", "f2.txt", "f3.txt", "f4.txt", "f5.txt"]    print("files[0] ", files[0])    print("files[3] ", files[3])    print("files[-1] ", files[-1])    print("files[-3] ", files[-3])    print()

         # 获取多个数据    print("files[:3] ", files[:3])    print("files[2:4] ", files[2:4])    print("files[-3:] ", files[-3:])    print()

         # 修改对应位置的数据    print("old files[1] ", files[1])    files[1] = 12    print("new files[1] ", files[1])    print()

    # 在列表中，你可以存放不同类型的元素，字符，数字，甚至列表里还能有列表。    l = [1, "file", ["2", 3.2]]    print(l)    l[2][0] = "new string"    print(l)    print()

files = ["f1.txt", "f2.txt"]files.extend(["f3.txt", "f4.txt"])print("extend", files)

files.insert(1, "file5.txt")  # 添加入第1位（首位是0哦）print("insert", files)

del files[1]print("del", files)

files.remove("f3.txt")print("remove", files)

    # Dict 字典，在字典中的元素不像列表，字典元素是没有顺序的    files = {"ID": 111, "passport": "my passport", "books": [1, 2, 3]}    print(files)    print(files["books"])    print()    files["ID"] = 222    print(files)    files["ID"] = [2,3,4]    print(files)    print()

files = {"ID": 111, "passport": "my passport", "books": [1, 2, 3]}
print('files["ID"]:', files["ID"])print('files.get("ID"):', files.get("unknown ID", "不存在这个 ID"))

files.update({"files": ["1", "2"]})print('update:', files)

popped = files.pop("ID")print('popped:', popped)print("remain:", files)

    # Tuple 元组，元组里的数据不可变    files = ("file1", "file2", "file3")    print(files[1])    print()    # files[1] = "file4"  # 这里会报错

    # Set 集合，常用它去去重，在集合中的元素，其实是没有顺序的,集合可以用 ([])，也可以用 {}    my_files = set(["file1", "file2", "file3"])    print("my_files", my_files)    your_files = {"file1", "file3", "file5"}    print("your_files", your_files)    print("交集 ", your_files.intersection(my_files))    print("并集 ", your_files.union(my_files))    print("补集 ", your_files.difference(my_files))    print()

        # 列表在循环中运用    files = ["f1.txt", "f2.txt", "f3.txt", "f4.txt", "f5.txt"]    for i in range(len(files)):        if files[i] == "f3.txt":            print("I got f3.txt")    print()    # 字典在循环中运用    files = {"ID": 111, "passport": "my passport", "books": [1,2,3]}    for key in files.keys():        print("key:", key)
    for value in files.values():        print("value:", value)
    for key, value in files.items():        print("key:", key, ", value:", value)    print()

# 补充功能files = []for i in range(5):    files.append("f" + str(i) + ".txt")  # 添加    print("has", files)
for i in range(len(files)):    print("pop", files.pop())  # 从最后一个开始 pop 出。取出之后当前数据被删除    print("remain", files)

# This is a sample Python script.
# Press ⌃R to execute it or replace it with your code.# Press Double ⇧ to search everywhere for classes, files, tool windows, actions, and settings.

def print_hi(name):    # Use a breakpoint in the code line below to debug your script.    print(f'Hi, {name}')  # Press ⌘F8 to toggle the breakpoint.    # List 列表    files = ["f1.txt", "f2.txt", "f3.txt", "f4.txt", "f5.txt"]    print("files[0] ", files[0])    print("files[3] ", files[3])    print("files[-1] ", files[-1])    print("files[-3] ", files[-3])    print()    # 获取多个数据    print("files[:3] ", files[:3])    print("files[2:4] ", files[2:4])    print("files[-3:] ", files[-3:])    print()    # 修改对应位置的数据    print("old files[1] ", files[1])    files[1] = 12    print("new files[1] ", files[1])    print()    # 在列表中，你可以存放不同类型的元素，字符，数字，甚至列表里还能有列表。    l = [1, "file", ["2", 3.2]]    print(l)    l[2][0] = "new string"    print(l)    print()
    # Dict 字典，在字典中的元素不像列表，字典元素是没有顺序的    files = {"ID": 111, "passport": "my passport", "books": [1, 2, 3]}    print(files)    print(files["books"])    print()    files["ID"] = 222    print(files)    files["ID"] = [2, 3, 4]    print(files)    print()    # Tuple 元组，元组里的数据不可变    files = ("file1", "file2", "file3")    print(files[1])    print()    # files[1] = "file4"  # 这里会报错
    # Set 集合，常用它去去重，在集合中的元素，其实是没有顺序的,集合可以用 ([])，也可以用 {}    my_files = set(["file1", "file2", "file3"])    print("my_files", my_files)    your_files = {"file1", "file3", "file5"}    print("your_files", your_files)    print("交集 ", your_files.intersection(my_files))    print("并集 ", your_files.union(my_files))    print("补集 ", your_files.difference(my_files))    print()    # 列表在循环中运用    files = ["f1.txt", "f2.txt", "f3.txt", "f4.txt", "f5.txt"]    for i in range(len(files)):        if files[i] == "f3.txt":            print("I got f3.txt")    print()    # 字典在循环中运用    files = {"ID": 111, "passport": "my passport", "books": [1, 2, 3]}    for key in files.keys():        print("key:", key)
    for value in files.values():        print("value:", value)
    for key, value in files.items():        print("key:", key, ", value:", value)    print()    # 其他功能    files = []    for i in range(5):        files.append("f" + str(i) + ".txt")  # 添加        print("has", files)
    for i in range(len(files)):        print("pop", files.pop())  # 从最后一个开始 pop 出。取出之后当前数据被删除        print("remain", files)
    files = ["f1.txt", "f2.txt"]
    # 其他功能list    # 扩充入另一个列表    files.extend(["f3.txt", "f4.txt"])    print("extend", files)
    # 按位置添加    files.insert(1, "file5.txt")  # 添加入第1位（首位是0哦）    print("insert", files)
    # 移除某索引    del files[1]    print("del", files)
    # 移除某值    files.remove("f3.txt")    print("remove", files)
    # 其他功能字典    files = {"ID": 111, "passport": "my passport", "books": [1, 2, 3]}
    # 按key拿取，并在拿取失败的时候给一个设定好的默认值    print('files["ID"]:', files["ID"])    print('files.get("ID"):', files.get("unknown ID", "不存在这个 ID"))
    # 将另一个字典补充到当前字典    files.update({"files": ["1", "2"]})    print('update:', files)
    # pop 调一个item，和列表的 pop 类似    popped = files.pop("ID")    print('popped:', popped)    print("remain:", files)

# Press the green button in the gutter to run the script.if __name__ == '__main__':    print_hi('数据种类')
# See PyCharm help at https://www.jetbrains.com/help/pycharm/

Hi, 数据种类files[0]  f1.txtfiles[3]  f4.txtfiles[-1]  f5.txtfiles[-3]  f3.txt
files[:3]  ['f1.txt', 'f2.txt', 'f3.txt']files[2:4]  ['f3.txt', 'f4.txt']files[-3:]  ['f3.txt', 'f4.txt', 'f5.txt']
old files[1]  f2.txtnew files[1]  12
[1, 'file', ['2', 3.2]][1, 'file', ['new string', 3.2]]
{'ID': 111, 'passport': 'my passport', 'books': [1, 2, 3]}[1, 2, 3]
{'ID': 222, 'passport': 'my passport', 'books': [1, 2, 3]}{'ID': [2, 3, 4], 'passport': 'my passport', 'books': [1, 2, 3]}
file2
my_files {'file3', 'file1', 'file2'}your_files {'file5', 'file1', 'file3'}交集  {'file1', 'file3'}并集  {'file5', 'file3', 'file1', 'file2'}补集  {'file5'}
I got f3.txt
key: IDkey: passportkey: booksvalue: 111value: my passportvalue: [1, 2, 3]key: ID , value: 111key: passport , value: my passportkey: books , value: [1, 2, 3]
has ['f0.txt']has ['f0.txt', 'f1.txt']has ['f0.txt', 'f1.txt', 'f2.txt']has ['f0.txt', 'f1.txt', 'f2.txt', 'f3.txt']has ['f0.txt', 'f1.txt', 'f2.txt', 'f3.txt', 'f4.txt']pop f4.txtremain ['f0.txt', 'f1.txt', 'f2.txt', 'f3.txt']pop f3.txtremain ['f0.txt', 'f1.txt', 'f2.txt']pop f2.txtremain ['f0.txt', 'f1.txt']pop f1.txtremain ['f0.txt']pop f0.txtremain []extend ['f1.txt', 'f2.txt', 'f3.txt', 'f4.txt']insert ['f1.txt', 'file5.txt', 'f2.txt', 'f3.txt', 'f4.txt']del ['f1.txt', 'f2.txt', 'f3.txt', 'f4.txt']remove ['f1.txt', 'f2.txt', 'f4.txt']files["ID"]: 111files.get("ID"): 不存在这个 IDupdate: {'ID': 111, 'passport': 'my passport', 'books': [1, 2, 3], 'files': ['1', '2']}popped: 111remain: {'passport': 'my passport', 'books': [1, 2, 3], 'files': ['1', '2']}