2023-09-20:用 go 语言,保证一定是 n*n 的正方形,实现从里到外转圈打印的功能 如果 n 是奇数,中心点唯一,比如 a b c d e f g h i e 是中心点,依次打印 : e f i h g
- 2023-09-20  北京
- 本文字数:4024 字 - 阅读完需:约 13 分钟 
2023-09-20:用 go 语言,保证一定是 n*n 的正方形,实现从里到外转圈打印的功能
如果 n 是奇数,中心点唯一,比如
a b c
d e f
g h i
e 是中心点,依次打印 : e f i h g d a b c
如果 n 是偶数,中心点为最里层 2*2 的右下点
比如
a b c d e f
g h i j k l
m n o p q r
s t u v w x
y z 0 1 2 3
4 5 6 7 8 9
最里层是
o p
u v
v 是中心点,依次打印 : v u o p q w ....
来自左程云。
答案 2023-09-20:
大体步骤如下:
1.定义一个函数 print,接收一个二维字节切片 m 作为参数。2.获取二维切片 m 的长度 n。3.设置四个变量 a, b, c, d 为(n-1)/2, (n-1)/2, n/2, n/2,分别表示每一层的起始点和终止点。4.使用循环,从最外层到最内层逐层打印。4.a.在每一层中,调用函数 loop 打印当前层的内容。5.在循环结束后,打印换行符。
函数 loop 的过程如下:1.判断如果 a 和 c 相等,表示只有一个元素,直接打印该元素并返回。2.对于其他情况,依次打印当前层的四个边。2.a. 从起始点的下一行开始,按列打印边界元素,即从上到下。2.b. 从终止点的左侧列开始,按行打印边界元素,即从右到左。2.c. 从终止点的上一行开始,按列打印边界元素,即从下到上。2.d. 从起始点的右侧列开始,按行打印边界元素,即从左到右。
在主函数 main 中,定义了几个测试用例,分别为不同大小的二维字节切片 m,然后调用 print 函数进行打印。
总的时间复杂度为 O(n^2),其中 n 为输入二维切片 m 的大小。
总的额外空间复杂度为 O(1),没有使用额外空间。
go 完整代码如下:
package main
import "fmt"
func print(m [][]byte) {  n := len(m)  for a, b, c, d := (n-1)/2, (n-1)/2, n/2, n/2; a >= 0; a, b, c, d = a-1, b-1, c+1, d+1 {    loop(m, a, b, c, d)  }  fmt.Println()}
func loop(m [][]byte, a, b, c, d int) {  if a == c {    fmt.Printf("%c ", m[a][b])  } else {    for row := a + 1; row <= c; row++ {      fmt.Printf("%c ", m[row][d])    }    for col := d - 1; col >= b; col-- {      fmt.Printf("%c ", m[c][col])    }    for row := c - 1; row >= a; row-- {      fmt.Printf("%c ", m[row][b])    }    for col := b + 1; col <= d; col++ {      fmt.Printf("%c ", m[a][col])    }  }}
func main() {  map1 := [][]byte{{'a'}}  print(map1)
  map2 := [][]byte{{'a', 'b'}, {'c', 'd'}}  print(map2)
  map3 := [][]byte{{'a', 'b', 'c'}, {'d', 'e', 'f'}, {'g', 'h', 'i'}}  print(map3)
  map4 := [][]byte{{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}, {'e', 'f', 'g', 'h'}, {'i', 'j', 'k', 'l'}, {'m', 'n', 'o', 'p'}}  print(map4)
  map5 := [][]byte{{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'}, {'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j'}, {'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o'}, {'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't'}, {'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y'}}  print(map5)
  map6 := [][]byte{{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'}, {'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l'}, {'m', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r'}, {'s', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x'}, {'y', 'z', '0', '1', '2', '3'}, {'4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9'}}  print(map6)}
 
 rust 完整代码如下:
fn print(m: &[Vec<char>]) {    let n = m.len() as i32;    let mut a = (n - 1) / 2;    let mut b = (n - 1) / 2;    let mut c = n / 2;    let mut d = n / 2;    while a >= 0 {        loop2(&m, a, b, c, d);        a -= 1;        b -= 1;        c += 1;        d += 1;    }    println!();}
fn loop2(m: &[Vec<char>], a: i32, b: i32, c: i32, d: i32) {    if a == c {        print!("{} ", m[a as usize][b as usize]);    } else {        for row in a + 1..=c {            print!("{} ", m[row as usize][d as usize]);        }        for col in (b..=d - 1).rev() {            print!("{} ", m[c as usize][col as usize]);        }        for row in (a..=c - 1).rev() {            print!("{} ", m[row as usize][b as usize]);        }        for col in b + 1..=d {            print!("{} ", m[a as usize][col as usize]);        }    }}
fn main() {    let map1: Vec<Vec<char>> = vec![vec!['a']];    print(&map1);
    let map2: Vec<Vec<char>> = vec![vec!['a', 'b'], vec!['c', 'd']];    print(&map2);
    let map3: Vec<Vec<char>> = vec![        vec!['a', 'b', 'c'],        vec!['d', 'e', 'f'],        vec!['g', 'h', 'i'],    ];    print(&map3);
    let map4: Vec<Vec<char>> = vec![        vec!['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'],        vec!['e', 'f', 'g', 'h'],        vec!['i', 'j', 'k', 'l'],        vec!['m', 'n', 'o', 'p'],    ];    print(&map4);
    let map5: Vec<Vec<char>> = vec![        vec!['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'],        vec!['f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j'],        vec!['k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o'],        vec!['p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't'],        vec!['u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y'],    ];    print(&map5);
    let map6: Vec<Vec<char>> = vec![        vec!['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'],        vec!['g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l'],        vec!['m', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r'],        vec!['s', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x'],        vec!['y', 'z', '0', '1', '2', '3'],        vec!['4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9'],    ];    print(&map6);}
 
 c++完整代码如下:
#include<iostream>#include<vector>
using namespace std;
void loop(vector<vector<char>> m, int a, int b, int c, int d);
void print(vector<vector<char>> m) {    int n = m.size();    for (int a = (n - 1) / 2, b = (n - 1) / 2, c = n / 2, d = n / 2; a >= 0; a--, b--, c++, d++) {        loop(m, a, b, c, d);    }    cout << endl;}
void loop(vector<vector<char>> m, int a, int b, int c, int d) {    if (a == c) {        cout << m[a][b] << " ";    }    else {        for (int row = a + 1; row <= c; row++) {            cout << m[row][d] << " ";        }        for (int col = d - 1; col >= b; col--) {            cout << m[c][col] << " ";        }        for (int row = c - 1; row >= a; row--) {            cout << m[row][b] << " ";        }        for (int col = b + 1; col <= d; col++) {            cout << m[a][col] << " ";        }    }}
int main() {    vector<vector<char>> map1 = { {'a'} };    print(map1);
    vector<vector<char>> map2 = { {'a', 'b'}, {'c', 'd'} };    print(map2);
    vector<vector<char>> map3 = { {'a', 'b', 'c'}, {'d', 'e', 'f'}, {'g', 'h', 'i'} };    print(map3);
    vector<vector<char>> map4 = { {'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}, {'e', 'f', 'g', 'h'}, {'i', 'j', 'k', 'l'}, {'m', 'n', 'o', 'p'} };    print(map4);
    vector<vector<char>> map5 = { {'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'},                                 {'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j'},                                 {'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o'},                                 {'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't'},                                 {'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y'} };    print(map5);
    vector<vector<char>> map6 = { {'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'},                                 {'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l'},                                 {'m', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r'},                                 {'s', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x'},                                 {'y', 'z', '0', '1', '2', '3'},                                 {'4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9'} };    print(map6);
    return 0;}
 
 c 完整代码如下:
#include <stdio.h>
void loop(char** m, int a, int b, int c, int d);
void print(char** m, int n) {    for (int a = (n - 1) / 2, b = (n - 1) / 2, c = n / 2, d = n / 2; a >= 0; a--, b--, c++, d++) {        loop(m, a, b, c, d);    }    printf("\n");}
void loop(char** m, int a, int b, int c, int d) {    if (a == c) {        printf("%c ", m[a][b]);    }    else {        for (int row = a + 1; row <= c; row++) {            printf("%c ", m[row][d]);        }        for (int col = d - 1; col >= b; col--) {            printf("%c ", m[c][col]);        }        for (int row = c - 1; row >= a; row--) {            printf("%c ", m[row][b]);        }        for (int col = b + 1; col <= d; col++) {            printf("%c ", m[a][col]);        }    }}
int main() {    char* map1[] = { "a" };    int n1 = sizeof(map1) / sizeof(char*);    print(map1, n1);
    char* map2[] = { "ab", "cd" };    int n2 = sizeof(map2) / sizeof(char*);    print(map2, n2);
    char* map3[] = { "abc", "def", "ghi" };    int n3 = sizeof(map3) / sizeof(char*);    print(map3, n3);
    char* map4[] = { "abcd", "efgh", "ijkl", "mnop" };    int n4 = sizeof(map4) / sizeof(char*);    print(map4, n4);
    char* map5[] = { "abcde", "fghij", "klmno", "pqrst", "uvwxy" };    int n5 = sizeof(map5) / sizeof(char*);    print(map5, n5);
    char* map6[] = { "abcdef", "ghijkl", "mnopqr", "stuvwx", "yz0123", "456789" };    int n6 = sizeof(map6) / sizeof(char*);    print(map6, n6);
    return 0;}
 
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