急如闪电快如风, 彩虹女神跃长空,Go 语言高性能 Web 框架 Iris 项目实战 - 初始化项目 ep00
作者：刘悦的技术博客
- 2022 年 8 月 14 日 北京
本文字数：7967 字
阅读完需：约 26 分钟
在 Golang Web 编程的世界里，君不言高性能则已，言高性能必称 Iris。彩虹女神的名号响彻寰宇、名动江湖，单论一个快字，无人能出其右，就连以简洁轻量著称于世的 Gin 也难以望其项背，只见彩虹女神 Iris 回眸一笑撩人心扉：“虽然你们也不是那么慢，但我还是快那么一点点......”，本次就让我们来一睹彩虹女神 Iris 的芳颜，感受宇宙最快 Web 框架的神乎其神。
女神本神(Iris)
选择一款框架有诸多的参考层面，比如灵活性、扩展性、API 友好程度、文档详细程度、项目活跃度、社区贡献等等，但是性能和内存占用绝对是优先参考的一个重要层面，原因无他，天下武功，唯快不破，正所谓一快遮百丑，经济下行，降本增效的大背景之下，高性能框架无疑占据极大的优势，说白了，成本相仿的前提下，我单位时间内网络请求吞吐量是你的一倍，还没用力，你就倒下了，你怎么跟我打？游戏还没开始，就已经结束了。
空口白牙，不足为据，参见 2022 年最新请求吞吐量对比图：
事实上，Iris 本质上也是社区驱动的 Go 语言 Web 框架，支持 http2/3，完备的 MVC 支持，奉行极简主义风格，轻量化与简明风格比起 Gin 来说，也不遑多让，与此同时，社区活跃度和文档支持都非常到位，但其拥有的极其恐怖的高性能特性，其他框架则是望尘莫及。在 Iris 身上，我们可以看到她对性能的近乎于偏执的完美追求，Iris 为了优化性能，不惜自己开发和集成最快的组件，比如日志记录内置了 golog 模块，比如 json 序列化就选择了第三方库 jsoniter，从框架设计的态度上，极尽完美之能事。
建立项目 IrisBlog
参照 Iris 官网文档：https://github.com/kataras/iris/blob/master/README_ZH.md，我们借助彩虹女神 Iris 的垂爱，打造一款史上最快的在线博客系统，首先建立文件夹 IrisBlog:
mkdir IrisBlogcd IrisBlog
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随后通过 go mod 命令初始化项目：
C:\Users\liuyue\www\iriblog>go mod init IrisBlog go: creating new go.mod: module IrisBlog
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对于 go mod 不熟的朋友，请移玉步至层次分明井然有条,Go lang1.18入门精炼教程，由白丁入鸿儒，Go lang包管理机制(package)EP10，关于 go mod 的使用，这里不再赘述。
接着，由于诸位可以理解的原因，请确保使用国内的安装源：
go env -w GOPROXY=https://goproxy.cn,direct
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随后安装彩虹女神 Iris：
go get -u github.com/kataras/iris
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系统返回：
C:\Users\liuyue\www\iriblog>go get -u github.com/kataras/iris go: downloading github.com/kataras/iris v0.0.2 go: downloading github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.3.1 go: downloading github.com/kataras/golog v0.0.18 go: downloading github.com/kataras/pio v0.0.8 go: downloading github.com/kataras/sitemap v0.0.5 go: downloading github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.2.0 go: downloading github.com/kataras/tunnel v0.0.1 go: downloading github.com/kataras/golog v0.1.7 go: downloading github.com/kataras/pio v0.0.10 go: downloading gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200615113413-eeeca48fe776 go: downloading github.com/kataras/tunnel v0.0.4 go: downloading gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 go: downloading github.com/Shopify/goreferrer v0.0.0-20181106222321-ec9c9a553398 go: downloading github.com/fatih/structs v1.1.0 go: downloading github.com/andybalholm/brotli v1.0.1-0.20200619015827-c3da72aa01ed go: downloading github.com/iris-contrib/schema v0.0.2 go: downloading github.com/andybalholm/brotli v1.0.4 go: downloading github.com/iris-contrib/schema v0.0.6 go: downloading github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.10 go: downloading github.com/Shopify/goreferrer v0.0.0-20220729165902-8cddb4f5de06 go: downloading github.com/klauspost/compress v1.10.10 go: downloading github.com/klauspost/compress v1.15.9 go: downloading github.com/microcosm-cc/bluemonday v1.0.3 go: downloading github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2 v2.0.1 go: downloading github.com/vmihailenco/msgpack/v5 v5.0.0-beta.1 go: downloading golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20200707034311-ab3426394381 go: downloading github.com/russross/blackfriday v1.5.2 go: downloading github.com/vmihailenco/msgpack v4.0.4+incompatible go: downloading github.com/microcosm-cc/bluemonday v1.0.19 go: downloading github.com/vmihailenco/msgpack/v5 v5.3.5 go: downloading golang.org/x/text v0.3.3 go: downloading golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20200630173020-3af7569d3a1e go: downloading github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2 v2.1.0 go: downloading github.com/russross/blackfriday v1.6.0 go: downloading google.golang.org/protobuf v1.25.0 go: downloading golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20220722155302-e5dcc9cfc0b9 go: downloading golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20220812174116-3211cb980234 go: downloading google.golang.org/protobuf v1.28.1 go: downloading golang.org/x/text v0.3.7 go: downloading golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20200728195943-123391ffb6de go: downloading golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200808120158-1030fc2bf1d9 go: downloading github.com/schollz/closestmatch v2.1.0+incompatible go: downloading golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20220722155217-630584e8d5aa go: downloading golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220811171246-fbc7d0a398ab go: downloading gopkg.in/ini.v1 v1.57.0 go: downloading gopkg.in/ini.v1 v1.67.0 go: downloading github.com/ryanuber/columnize v2.1.0+incompatible go: downloading github.com/CloudyKit/jet/v4 v4.1.0 go: downloading github.com/aymerick/raymond v2.0.3-0.20180322193309-b565731e1464+incompatible go: downloading github.com/eknkc/amber v0.0.0-20171010120322-cdade1c07385 go: downloading github.com/ryanuber/columnize v2.1.2+incompatible go: downloading github.com/iris-contrib/jade v1.1.4 go: downloading github.com/CloudyKit/jet v2.1.2+incompatible go: downloading github.com/iris-contrib/pongo2 v0.0.1 go: downloading github.com/kataras/blocks v0.0.2 go: downloading github.com/yosssi/ace v0.0.5 go: downloading github.com/kataras/blocks v0.0.6 go: downloading github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v0.0.0-20180701023420-4b7aa43c6742 go: downloading github.com/chris-ramon/douceur v0.2.0 go: downloading github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd go: downloading github.com/vmihailenco/tagparser v0.1.1 go: downloading google.golang.org/appengine v1.6.5 go: downloading github.com/vmihailenco/tagparser v0.1.2 go: downloading github.com/shurcooL/sanitized_anchor_name v1.0.0 go: downloading google.golang.org/appengine v1.6.7 go: downloading github.com/google/uuid v1.1.2-0.20200519141726-cb32006e483f go: downloading github.com/google/uuid v1.3.0 go: downloading github.com/CloudyKit/fastprinter v0.0.0-20200109182630-33d98a066a53 go: downloading github.com/valyala/bytebufferpool v1.0.0 go: downloading github.com/aymerick/douceur v0.2.0 go: downloading github.com/gorilla/css v1.0.0 go: downloading github.com/golang/protobuf v1.4.1 go: downloading github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.2 go: downloading github.com/vmihailenco/tagparser/v2 v2.0.0 go: added github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.2.0 go: added github.com/CloudyKit/fastprinter v0.0.0-20200109182630-33d98a066a53 go: added github.com/CloudyKit/jet/v4 v4.1.0 go: added github.com/Shopify/goreferrer v0.0.0-20220729165902-8cddb4f5de06 go: added github.com/andybalholm/brotli v1.0.4 go: added github.com/aymerick/douceur v0.2.0 go: added github.com/aymerick/raymond v2.0.3-0.20180322193309-b565731e1464+incompatible go: added github.com/chris-ramon/douceur v0.2.0 go: added github.com/eknkc/amber v0.0.0-20171010120322-cdade1c07385 go: added github.com/fatih/structs v1.1.0 go: added github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.2 go: added github.com/google/uuid v1.3.0 go: added github.com/gorilla/css v1.0.0 go: added github.com/iris-contrib/jade v1.1.4 go: added github.com/iris-contrib/pongo2 v0.0.1 go: added github.com/iris-contrib/schema v0.0.6 go: added github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.12 go: added github.com/kataras/blocks v0.0.6 go: added github.com/kataras/golog v0.1.7 go: added github.com/kataras/iris v0.0.2 go: added github.com/kataras/pio v0.0.10 go: added github.com/kataras/sitemap v0.0.5 go: added github.com/kataras/tunnel v0.0.4 go: added github.com/klauspost/compress v1.15.9 go: added github.com/microcosm-cc/bluemonday v1.0.19 go: added github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd go: added github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.2 go: added github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2 v2.1.0 go: added github.com/ryanuber/columnize v2.1.2+incompatible go: added github.com/schollz/closestmatch v2.1.0+incompatible go: added github.com/shurcooL/sanitized_anchor_name v1.0.0 go: added github.com/valyala/bytebufferpool v1.0.0 go: added github.com/vmihailenco/msgpack/v5 v5.3.5 go: added github.com/vmihailenco/tagparser v0.1.2 go: added github.com/vmihailenco/tagparser/v2 v2.0.0 go: added github.com/yosssi/ace v0.0.5 go: added golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20220722155217-630584e8d5aa go: added golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20220812174116-3211cb980234 go: added golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220811171246-fbc7d0a398ab go: added golang.org/x/text v0.3.7 go: added golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20220722155302-e5dcc9cfc0b9 go: added google.golang.org/appengine v1.6.7 go: added google.golang.org/protobuf v1.28.1 go: added gopkg.in/ini.v1 v1.67.0 go: added gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1
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安装完毕之后，可以打开项目中 go.mod 文件查看 Iris 的依赖列表：
module IrisBlog go 1.18 require ( github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.2.0 // indirect github.com/CloudyKit/fastprinter v0.0.0-20200109182630-33d98a066a53 // indirect github.com/CloudyKit/jet/v4 v4.1.0 // indirect github.com/CloudyKit/jet/v6 v6.1.0 // indirect github.com/Shopify/goreferrer v0.0.0-20220729165902-8cddb4f5de06 // indirect github.com/andybalholm/brotli v1.0.4 // indirect github.com/aymerick/douceur v0.2.0 // indirect github.com/aymerick/raymond v2.0.3-0.20180322193309-b565731e1464+incompatible // indirect github.com/chris-ramon/douceur v0.2.0 // indirect github.com/eknkc/amber v0.0.0-20171010120322-cdade1c07385 // indirect github.com/fatih/structs v1.1.0 // indirect github.com/flosch/pongo2/v4 v4.0.2 // indirect github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.2 // indirect github.com/golang/snappy v0.0.4 // indirect github.com/google/uuid v1.3.0 // indirect github.com/gorilla/css v1.0.0 // indirect github.com/iris-contrib/jade v1.1.4 // indirect github.com/iris-contrib/pongo2 v0.0.1 // indirect github.com/iris-contrib/schema v0.0.6 // indirect github.com/josharian/intern v1.0.0 // indirect github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.12 // indirect github.com/kataras/blocks v0.0.6 // indirect github.com/kataras/golog v0.1.7 // indirect github.com/kataras/iris v0.0.2 // indirect github.com/kataras/iris/v12 v12.2.0-beta4.0.20220813060700-f91269130ed3 // indirect github.com/kataras/pio v0.0.10 // indirect github.com/kataras/sitemap v0.0.5 // indirect github.com/kataras/tunnel v0.0.4 // indirect github.com/klauspost/compress v1.15.9 // indirect github.com/mailgun/raymond/v2 v2.0.46 // indirect github.com/mailru/easyjson v0.7.7 // indirect github.com/microcosm-cc/bluemonday v1.0.19 // indirect github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd // indirect github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.2 // indirect github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2 v2.1.0 // indirect github.com/ryanuber/columnize v2.1.2+incompatible // indirect github.com/schollz/closestmatch v2.1.0+incompatible // indirect github.com/shurcooL/sanitized_anchor_name v1.0.0 // indirect github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.8.1 // indirect github.com/tdewolff/minify/v2 v2.12.0 // indirect github.com/tdewolff/parse/v2 v2.6.1 // indirect github.com/valyala/bytebufferpool v1.0.0 // indirect github.com/vmihailenco/msgpack/v5 v5.3.5 // indirect github.com/vmihailenco/tagparser v0.1.2 // indirect github.com/vmihailenco/tagparser/v2 v2.0.0 // indirect github.com/yosssi/ace v0.0.5 // indirect golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20220722155217-630584e8d5aa // indirect golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20220812174116-3211cb980234 // indirect golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220811171246-fbc7d0a398ab // indirect golang.org/x/text v0.3.7 // indirect golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20220722155302-e5dcc9cfc0b9 // indirect google.golang.org/appengine v1.6.7 // indirect google.golang.org/protobuf v1.28.1 // indirect gopkg.in/ini.v1 v1.67.0 // indirect gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect )
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接着在项目的根目录建立 main 入口文件：
package main import "github.com/kataras/iris/v12" func main() { app := iris.New() app.Use(iris.Compression) app.Get("/", func(ctx iris.Context) { ctx.HTML("你好 <strong>%s</strong>!", "女神") }) app.Listen(":5000") }
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随后在终端启动 Iris 服务：
go run main.go
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系统返回：
Iris Version: 12.2.0-beta4 Now listening on: http://localhost:5000 Application started. Press CTRL+C to shut down.
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还等什么？访问 http://localhost:5000
万唤千呼始出来。
使用快捷键 control+C 可以终止服务，随后可以再次运行 go run main.go 来重新编译启动服务。
Iris 项目热重启机制:fresh
众所周知，由于 Go lang 是编译型语言，每次修改代码之后都需要重新编译，Iris 目前没有内置代码热更新的工具，这里我们可以使用三方包：fresh，如此，可以大幅提高我们的 Iris 开发效率，在非项目目录执行命令：
go get github.com/pilu/fresh
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注意，这里一定不能在项目的目录中执行安装命令，因为 go mod 模式会认为是项目依赖包，而不会在当前系统的 bin 目录下生成可执行命令 fresh。
随后进入项目目录：
cd IrisBlog
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使用 fresh 命令启动 Iris 服务：
C:\Users\liuyue\www\iriblog>fresh 0:19:33 runner | InitFolders 0:19:33 runner | mkdir ./tmp 0:19:33 watcher | Watching . 0:19:33 main | Waiting (loop 1)... 0:19:33 main | receiving first event / 0:19:33 main | sleeping for 600 milliseconds 0:19:33 main | flushing events 0:19:33 main | Started! (5 Goroutines) 0:19:33 main | remove tmp\runner-build-errors.log: The system cannot find the file specified. 0:19:33 build | Building... 0:19:44 runner | Running... 0:19:45 main | -------------------- 0:19:45 main | Waiting (loop 2)... 0:19:46 app | Iris Version: 12.2.0-beta4 0:19:46 app | 0:19:46 app | Now listening on: http://localhost:5000 Application started. Press CTRL+C to shut down.
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此时，项目内所有包文件都会被监控，当代码被修改后，会自动触发编译动作，原理大概相当于 Python 中 Tornado 框架的事件循环机制。
当我们修改代码之后，fresh 会监控到修改动作，然后立刻 build:
Application started. Press CTRL+C to shut down. 0:28:02 watcher | sending event ".\\main.go": MODIFY 0:28:02 watcher | sending event ".\\main.go": MODIFY 0:28:02 main | receiving first event ".\\main.go": MODIFY 0:28:02 main | sleeping for 600 milliseconds 0:28:02 main | flushing events 0:28:02 main | receiving event ".\\main.go": MODIFY 0:28:02 main | Started! (8 Goroutines) 0:28:02 main | remove tmp\runner-build-errors.log: The system cannot find the file specified. 0:28:02 build | Building... 0:28:10 runner | Running... 0:28:10 runner | Killing PID 11276 0:28:11 main | -------------------- 0:28:11 main | Waiting (loop 3)... 0:28:12 app | Iris Version: 12.2.0-beta4 0:28:12 app | Now listening on: http://localhost:5000 Application started. Press CTRL+C to shut down.
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如此，就不需要手动触发代码的编译了，简单方便。
如果有定制化需求，可以为当前项目添加配置文件 runner.conf:
root: . tmp_path: ./fresh build_name: runner_build build_log: runner_build_errors.log valid_ext: .go, .tpl, .tmpl, .html, .md, .log no_rebuild_ext: .tpl, .tmpl, .html ignored: assets, tmp, log build_delay: 3000 colors: 1 log_color_main: cyan log_color_build: yellow log_color_runner: green log_color_watcher: magenta log_color_app: red
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可以定制化诸如监听的文件、编译日志、忽略文件和目录，编译延迟等等操作。
修改定制化配置文件后，针对配置文件启动 fresh 服务：
fresh -c runner.conf
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如此，fresh 服务会根据配置文件来进行监听编译动作。
结语
最低的系统资源开销，最高的单位时间网络请求吞吐量，这是彩虹女神 Iris 对开发者们最好的馈赠，当我们安装好 Iris 并且配置好热重启机制时，我们也就走下了 Go 语言 web 开发万里长征的第一步，山高路远，城高池深，虽然前路艰险，但就算是莽撞地开始，拙劣地完成，也好过眼高手低而不去做，你同意吗？
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发布于: 刚刚阅读数: 3
版权声明: 本文为 InfoQ 作者【刘悦的技术博客】的原创文章。
原文链接:【http://xie.infoq.cn/article/12cdff1d898b5a9113f40212e】。文章转载请联系作者。
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