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SpringBoot 系列 (一):SpringBoot 项目搭建

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xcbeyond
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发布于: 2020 年 08 月 13 日

一、引言


什么是 spring boot?


    Spring Boot 是由 Pivotal 团队提供的全新框架,其设计目的是用来简化新 Spring 应用的初始搭建以及开发过程。该框架使用了特定的方式来进行配置,从而使开发人员不再需要定义样板化的配置。用我的话来理解,就是 spring boot 其实不是什么新的框架,它默认配置了很多框架的使用方式,就像 maven 整合了所有的 jar 包,spring boot 整合了所有的框架(不知道这样比喻是否合适)。


    使用 spring boot 有什么好处?

    其实就是简单、快速、方便!平时如果我们需要搭建一个 spring web 项目的时候需要怎么做呢?

  • 1)配置 web.xml,加载 spring 和 spring mvc

  • 2)配置数据库连接、配置 spring 事务

  • 3)配置加载配置文件的读取,开启注解

  • 4)配置日志文件

  • ...


配置完成之后部署 tomcat 调试

...


但是如果使用 spring boot 呢?


很简单,我仅仅只需要非常少的几个配置就可以迅速方便的搭建起来一套 web 项目或者是构建一个微服务!


使用 sping boot 是不是很爽,不信,接下来往下看!


二、基础环境准备


(以 Spring Boot 2.1.0.BUILD-SNAPSHOT 版本搭建)

1、JDK 环境安装

C:\Users\Administrator><strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">java -version</span></strong>java version "1.8.0_121"Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_121-b13)Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.121-b13, mixed mode)
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2、Maven 安装


Spring Boot 与 Apache Maven 3.2 或更高版本兼容。如果您尚未安装 Maven,则可以按照maven.apache.org上的说明进行操作。


(对于为何要安装 Maven,请自行查阅 Maven 相关资料)


三、创建 SpringBoot 项目


开发工具:Eclipse Jee Oxygen(v4.7.0)

1、创建 Maven 工程





2、创建 pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> 	<groupId>com.xcbeyond</groupId>	<artifactId>springboot</artifactId>	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>	<packaging>jar</packaging> 	<name>springboot</name>	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> 	<parent>		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>		<version>2.0.0.RELEASE</version>		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->	</parent>	<properties>		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>		<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>		<java.version>1.8</java.version>		<spring-cloud.version>Finchley.M9</spring-cloud.version>	</properties> 	<dependencies>		<dependency>			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>		</dependency> 	</dependencies> 	<dependencyManagement>		<dependencies>			<dependency>				<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>				<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>				<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>				<type>pom</type>				<scope>import</scope>			</dependency>		</dependencies>	</dependencyManagement> 	<build>		<plugins>			<plugin>				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>			</plugin>		</plugins>	</build> 	<repositories>		<repository>			<id>spring-milestones</id>			<name>Spring Milestones</name>			<url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>			<snapshots>				<enabled>false</enabled>			</snapshots>		</repository>	</repositories> </project>
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注:可以利用 eclipse 打开 pom.xml 图形界面方式添加依赖包。

3、编写代码


(1)、SpringBoot 启动类


新建 SpringbootApplication.java 文件,如下:

package com.xcbeyond.springboot; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;/** * SpringBoot启动类 * @author xcbeyond * 2018年7月2日下午5:41:45 */@SpringBootApplicationpublic class SpringbootApplication { 	public static void main(String[] args) {		SpringApplication.run(SpringbootApplication.class, args);	}}
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注:注解 @SpringBootApplication,稍后会有章节详细说明。


(2)Controller


新建 ControllerDemo.java,如下:

package com.xcbeyond.springboot.controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;/** * Controller demo * @author xcbeyond * 2018年7月5日下午11:22:49 */ @RestControllerpublic class ControllerDemo { 	@RequestMapping("/print")	public String print() {		return "hello SpringBoot!";	}}
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说明:

@RestController 的意思就是 controller 里面的方法都以 json 格式输出,不用再写什么配置!

四、运行 SpringBoot 工程


(1)启动。


 直接运行上述的 SpringbootApplication 类即可,启动后可以看到类似于如下日志输出:

  .   ____          _            __ _ _ /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \ \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / / =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/ :: Spring Boot ::        (v2.0.0.RELEASE) 2018-07-05 23:02:49.681  INFO 8932 --- [           main] c.x.springboot.SpringbootApplication     : Starting SpringbootApplication on xcbeyond with PID 8932 (E:\micro-service\micro-service\springboot\target\classes started by Administrator in E:\micro-service\micro-service\springboot)2018-07-05 23:02:49.687  INFO 8932 --- [           main] c.x.springboot.SpringbootApplication     : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default2018-07-05 23:02:49.767  INFO 8932 --- [           main] ConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext@4c40b76e: startup date [Thu Jul 05 23:02:49 CST 2018]; root of context hierarchy2018-07-05 23:02:51.628  INFO 8932 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http)2018-07-05 23:02:51.655  INFO 8932 --- [           main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService   : Starting service [Tomcat]2018-07-05 23:02:51.655  INFO 8932 --- [           main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine  : Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.5.282018-07-05 23:02:51.679  INFO 8932 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.a.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener   : The APR based Apache Tomcat Native library which allows optimal performance in production environments was not found on the java.library.path: [C:\Program Files\Java\jre1.8.0_171\bin;C:\Windows\Sun\Java\bin;C:\Windows\system32;C:\Windows;C:/Program Files/Java/jre1.8.0_171/bin/server;C:/Program Files/Java/jre1.8.0_171/bin;C:/Program Files/Java/jre1.8.0_171/lib/amd64;C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Oracle\Java\javapath;C:\Windows\system32;C:\Windows;C:\Windows\System32\Wbem;C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.7.0_79\bin;C:\Program Files\Git\cmd;C:\Program Files\TortoiseGit\bin;C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Microsoft\WindowsApps;;C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\eclipse-jee-oxygen-R-win32-x86_64\eclipse;;.]2018-07-05 23:02:51.895  INFO 8932 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext2018-07-05 23:02:51.895  INFO 8932 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader            : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 2134 ms2018-07-05 23:02:52.084  INFO 8932 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean  : Servlet dispatcherServlet mapped to [/]2018-07-05 23:02:52.091  INFO 8932 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'characterEncodingFilter' to: [/*]2018-07-05 23:02:52.092  INFO 8932 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'hiddenHttpMethodFilter' to: [/*]2018-07-05 23:02:52.093  INFO 8932 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'httpPutFormContentFilter' to: [/*]2018-07-05 23:02:52.093  INFO 8932 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'requestContextFilter' to: [/*]2018-07-05 23:02:52.534  INFO 8932 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter : Looking for @ControllerAdvice: org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext@4c40b76e: startup date [Thu Jul 05 23:02:49 CST 2018]; root of context hierarchy2018-07-05 23:02:52.634  INFO 8932 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error]}" onto public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.Object>> org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.BasicErrorController.error(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)2018-07-05 23:02:52.637  INFO 8932 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error],produces=[text/html]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.BasicErrorController.errorHtml(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest,javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse)2018-07-05 23:02:52.685  INFO 8932 --- [           main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  : Mapped URL path [/webjars/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]2018-07-05 23:02:52.685  INFO 8932 --- [           main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  : Mapped URL path [/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]2018-07-05 23:02:52.732  INFO 8932 --- [           main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  : Mapped URL path [/**/favicon.ico] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]2018-07-05 23:02:52.958  INFO 8932 --- [           main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter        : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup2018-07-05 23:02:53.111  INFO 8932 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path ''2018-07-05 23:02:53.120  INFO 8932 --- [           main] c.x.springboot.SpringbootApplication     : Started SpringbootApplication in 3.981 seconds (JVM running for 5.608)
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(2)测试。


在浏览器中输入 http://localhost:8080/print,则会如下正常显示,就说明已经 OK 啦,帅不帅!



发布于: 2020 年 08 月 13 日阅读数: 86
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xcbeyond

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不为别的,只为技术沉淀、分享。 2019.06.20 加入

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SpringBoot 系列(一):SpringBoot项目搭建