短信验证码服务最佳实践：个人开发者如何选择和集成现代化短信服务

class SMSService:    def __init__(self, provider_config):        self.provider = provider_config['name']        self.config = provider_config        def send_verification_code(self, phone: str, code: str) -> dict:        """发送验证码的统一接口"""        if self.provider == 'spug':            return self._send_via_spug(phone, code)        elif self.provider == 'aliyun':            return self._send_via_aliyun(phone, code)        # 其他供应商...        def _send_via_spug(self, phone: str, code: str) -> dict:        """使用Spug发送（个人开发者友好）"""        import requests        url = f"https://push.spug.cc/send/{self.config['template_id']}"        data = {'name': '验证码', 'code': code, 'targets': phone}                response = requests.post(url, json=data)        result = response.json()                return {            'success': result.get('error') == 0,            'message_id': result.get('data', {}).get('id'),            'error': result.get('message')        }

import timeimport random
def send_with_retry(sms_service, phone, code, max_retries=3):    """带重试的发送方法"""    for attempt in range(max_retries):        try:            result = sms_service.send_verification_code(phone, code)            if result['success']:                return result                        # 如果是服务器错误，等待后重试            if attempt < max_retries - 1:                wait_time = (2 ** attempt) + random.uniform(0, 1)                time.sleep(wait_time)                        except Exception as e:            if attempt == max_retries - 1:                raise            time.sleep(2 ** attempt)        return {'success': False, 'error': 'Max retries exceeded'}

import randomimport stringfrom datetime import datetime, timedelta
class VerificationCodeManager:    def __init__(self):        self.codes = {}  # 生产环境建议用Redis        def generate_code(self, phone: str, length: int = 6) -> str:        """生成验证码"""        # 生成数字验证码（也可以包含字母）        code = ''.join(random.choices('0123456789', k=length))                # 记录验证码和过期时间        self.codes[phone] = {            'code': code,            'created_at': datetime.now(),            'attempts': 0        }                return code        def verify_code(self, phone: str, input_code: str) -> bool:        """验证码校验"""        if phone not in self.codes:            return False                record = self.codes[phone]                # 检查是否过期（5分钟）        if datetime.now() - record['created_at'] > timedelta(minutes=5):            del self.codes[phone]            return False                # 检查尝试次数（防止暴力破解）        if record['attempts'] >= 3:            del self.codes[phone]            return False                record['attempts'] += 1                if record['code'] == input_code:            del self.codes[phone]  # 验证成功后删除            return True                return False

from collections import defaultdictimport time
class RateLimiter:    def __init__(self):        self.phone_requests = defaultdict(list)        def is_allowed(self, phone: str, max_per_hour: int = 5) -> bool:        """检查是否允许发送（每小时最多5次）"""        now = time.time()        hour_ago = now - 3600                # 清理过期记录        self.phone_requests[phone] = [            req_time for req_time in self.phone_requests[phone]             if req_time > hour_ago        ]                # 检查是否超限        if len(self.phone_requests[phone]) >= max_per_hour:            return False                self.phone_requests[phone].append(now)        return True

# 推荐：Spug等支持个人认证的服务config = {    'name': 'spug',    'template_id': 'A27Lxxxxxxx',  # 在平台创建模板后获得    'base_url': 'https://push.spug.cc'}
sms_service = SMSService(config)result = sms_service.send_verification_code('186xxxx9898', '123456')

# 可以考虑混合方案：主用传统服务，备用新兴服务class HybridSMSService:    def __init__(self):        self.primary = AliyunSMSService(config1)    # 主通道        self.backup = SpugSMSService(config2)       # 备用通道        def send(self, phone: str, code: str):        try:            return self.primary.send(phone, code)        except Exception:            return self.backup.send(phone, code)

# 未来理想的集成方式：一行代码搞定from sms_universal import SMS
# 统一接口，支持多个供应商sms = SMS(provider='spug', template_id='xxx')result = sms.send_code('186xxxx9898', '123456')