本文主要讲述如何在 win10 系统上，使用 vmware 安装 Ubuntu 虚拟机，并搭建 docker 环境
版本约定
试验电脑系统为 Windows 10 专业版
VMware 版本为 VMware Workstation 16 Pro
Ubuntu 版本为 Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS
Docker 版本为 Docker version 20.10.6
docker-compose 版本为 docker-compose version 1.29.2
软件包准备
环境设置
由于笔者电脑之前安装了Docker Desktop环境，开启了 Hyper-V 功能，因此在 VMware 中安装 Ubuntu 虚拟机时报如下的错误：
VMware Workstation 与 Device/Credential Guard 不兼容.在禁用 Device/Credenti
解决此错误可以按照此文中的方案进行设置，方可解决~
VMware workstation 安装
VMware workstation 的安装过程比较简单，网上的教程也比较多，笔者这边只讲重要步骤作详细阐述！
Ubuntu 虚拟机安装
开启虚拟机后虚拟机则开始进行安装设置过程，安装过程基本上可以按照默认设置安装，其中有两个比较重要的设置如下：
yishao@yishao:~$ uname -aLinux yishao 5.4.0-73-generic #82-Ubuntu SMP Wed Apr 14 17:39:42 UTC 2021 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linuxyishao@yishao:~$ cat /proc/versionLinux version 5.4.0-73-generic (buildd@lcy01-amd64-019) (gcc version 9.3.0 (Ubuntu 9.3.0-17ubuntu1~20.04)) #82-Ubuntu SMP Wed Apr 14 17:39:42 UTC 2021
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Ubuntu 虚拟机设置
时区设置
yishao@yishao:~$ sudo tzselect[sudo] password for yishao:Please identify a location so that time zone rules can be set correctly.Please select a continent, ocean, "coord", or "TZ".1) Africa 7) Europe2) Americas 8) Indian Ocean3) Antarctica 9) Pacific Ocean4) Asia 10) coord - I want to use geographical coordinates.5) Atlantic Ocean 11) TZ - I want to specify the timezone using the Posix TZ format.6) Australia#? 4Please select a country whose clocks agree with yours.1) Afghanistan 10) Cyprus 19) Japan 28) Macau 37) Qatar 46) Turkmenistan2) Armenia 11) East Timor 20) Jordan 29) Malaysia 38) Russia 47) United Arab Emirates3) Azerbaijan 12) Georgia 21) Kazakhstan 30) Mongolia 39) Saudi Arabia 48) Uzbekistan4) Bahrain 13) Hong Kong 22) Korea (North) 31) Myanmar (Burma) 40) Singapore 49) Vietnam5) Bangladesh 14) India 23) Korea (South) 32) Nepal 41) Sri Lanka 50) Yemen6) Bhutan 15) Indonesia 24) Kuwait 33) Oman 42) Syria7) Brunei 16) Iran 25) Kyrgyzstan 34) Pakistan 43) Taiwan8) Cambodia 17) Iraq 26) Laos 35) Palestine 44) Tajikistan9) China 18) Israel 27) Lebanon 36) Philippines 45) Thailand#? 9Please select one of the following timezones.1) Beijing Time2) Xinjiang Time#? 1
The following information has been given:
China Beijing Time
Therefore TZ='Asia/Shanghai' will be used.Selected time is now: Sun Jun 13 20:26:30 CST 2021.Universal Time is now: Sun Jun 13 12:26:30 UTC 2021.Is the above information OK?1) Yes2) No#? 1
You can make this change permanent for yourself by appending the line TZ='Asia/Shanghai'; export TZto the file '.profile' in your home directory; then log out and log in again.
Here is that TZ value again, this time on standard output so that youcan use the /usr/bin/tzselect command in shell scripts:Asia/Shanghai
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yishao@yishao:~$ sudo ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
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yishao@yishao:~$ timedatectl Local time: Sun 2021-06-13 20:28:42 CST Universal time: Sun 2021-06-13 12:28:42 UTC RTC time: Sun 2021-06-13 12:28:41 Time zone: Asia/Shanghai (CST, +0800)System clock synchronized: yes NTP service: active RTC in local TZ: no
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hostname 设置
yishao@yishao:~$ hostnamectl Static hostname: yishao Icon name: computer-vm Chassis: vm Machine ID: 648933e419cc48babcfd31a53a7a6ad6 Boot ID: b84f37318ebc436c96c4ece89ae920dd Virtualization: vmware Operating System: Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS Kernel: Linux 5.4.0-73-generic Architecture: x86-64
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yishao@yishao:~$ sudo hostnamectl set-hostname node1yishao@yishao:~$ hostnamectl Static hostname: node1 Icon name: computer-vm Chassis: vm Machine ID: 648933e419cc48babcfd31a53a7a6ad6 Boot ID: b84f37318ebc436c96c4ece89ae920dd Virtualization: vmware Operating System: Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS Kernel: Linux 5.4.0-73-generic Architecture: x86-64
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yishao@yishao:~$ cat /etc/hosts127.0.0.1 localhost127.0.1.1 yishao #此处yishao需要修改为node1
# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts::1 ip6-localhost ip6-loopbackfe00::0 ip6-localnetff00::0 ip6-mcastprefixff02::1 ip6-allnodesff02::2 ip6-allrouters
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yishao@yishao:~$ sudo vi /etc/hosts
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将/etc/hosts 文件中原来 127.0.1.1 yishao 修改为 127.0.1.1 node1，如下：
127.0.0.1 localhost127.0.1.1 node1 # 新的映射
# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts::1 ip6-localhost ip6-loopbackfe00::0 ip6-localnetff00::0 ip6-mcastprefixff02::1 ip6-allnodesff02::2 ip6-allrouters
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静态 IP 设置
修改/etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml，设置静态 IP
yishao@yishao:~$ sudo vi /etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml
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将文件编辑为如下内容（addresses、gateway4、nameservers 根据实际情况设置）：
# This is the network config written by 'subiquity'network: ethernets: ens33: dhcp4: false addresses: [192.168.57.131/24] gateway4: 192.168.57.2 nameservers: addresses: [192.168.57.2,114.114.114.114,8.8.8.8] version: 2
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生效配置，并重启虚拟机
yishao@yishao:~$ sudo netplan applyyishao@yishao:~$ sudo reboot
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Docker 安装
yishao@node1:~$ sudo apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker.io containerd runc
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yishao@node1:~$ sudo apt-get updateyishao@node1:~$ sudo apt-get install \> apt-transport-https \> ca-certificates \> curl \> gnupg \> lsb-release
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yishao@node1:~$ curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg
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yishao@node1:~$ echo \> "deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \> $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
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yishao@node1:~$ sudo apt-get updateyishao@node1:~$ sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
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yishao@node1:~$ sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
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sudo mkdir -p /etc/dockersudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'{ "registry-mirrors": ["https://9w2ypf5d.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]}EOFsudo systemctl daemon-reloadsudo systemctl restart docker
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yishao@node1:~$ sudo docker run hello-world
Hello from Docker!This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
To generate this message, Docker took the following steps: 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon. 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub. (amd64) 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the executable that produces the output you are currently reading. 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it to your terminal.
To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with: $ docker run -it ubuntu bash
Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID: https://hub.docker.com/
For more examples and ideas, visit: https://docs.docker.com/get-started/
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看到如上输出，表示 docker 环境已经安装成功~
Docker 环境设置
yishao@node1:~$ sudo groupadd dockeryishao@node1:~$ sudo usermod -aG docker yishao
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Docker-compose 安装
yishao@node1:~$ sudo curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.29.2/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
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yishao@node1:~$ sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
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Note: If the command docker-compose fails after installation, check your path. You can also create a symbolic link to /usr/bin or any other directory in your path.
yishao@node1:~$ sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/docker-compose /usr/bin/docker-compose
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yishao@node1:~$ docker-compose --versiondocker-compose version 1.29.2, build 5becea4c
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看到如上输出，表示 docker compose 环境已经安装成功~
克隆虚拟机
经过以上步骤完整的 Ubuntu 虚拟机+docker 环境已经安装设置完成，为了以后能够方便使用，建议对此 VM 镜像克隆备份,克隆有几个需要注意的地方如下：
克隆时请选择 创建完整克隆
克隆完成后请重新生成 MAC 地址 （重要）
参考：
https://www.cnblogs.com/oneWhite/p/12522050.html
https://blog.csdn.net/fansnn/article/details/105931067
https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/ubuntu/
https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/
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