Elasticsearch Mapping Root Object

Elasticsearch Mapping Root Object，内容来自 B 站中华石杉 Elasticsearch 顶尖高手系列课程核心知识篇，英文内容来自 Elasticsearch: The Definitive Guide [2.x]，在新的版本中 Mapping types have been removed。

在目前的 Elasticsearch 中，Mapping types 已经被取消了，可以直接查看 Mappings 相关文档。

The Root Object

The uppermost level of a mapping is known as the root object.

• properties: the mapping for each field that a document may contain

• metadata fields: all of which start with an underscore, such as _type, _id, and _source

• settings: control how the dynamic detection of new fields is handled, such as analyzer, dynamic_date_formats, and dynamic_templates

• Other settings: which can be applied both to the root object and to fields of type object, such as enabled, dynamic and include_in_all

root object

就是某个 type 对应的 mapping JSON，包括了 properties，metadata（_id，_source，_type），settings（analyzer），其他 settings（比如 include_in_all）

PUT /my_index{  "mappings": {    "my_type": {      "properties": {}    }  }}

Properties

• type: The datatype that the field contains

• index: Whether a field should be searchable as full text (analyzed), searchable as an exact value (not_analyzed), or not searchable to all (no)

• analyzer: Which analyzer to use for a full-text field, both at index time and at search time.

PUT /my_index/_mapping/my_type{  "properties": {    "title": {      "type": "text"    }  }}

Metadata: _source Field

By default, Elasticsearch stores the JSON string representing the document body in the _source field. Like all stored fields, the _source field is compressed before being written to disk.

好处：

1. 查询的时候，直接可以拿到完整的 document，不需要先拿 document id，再发送一次请求拿 document

2. partial update 基于 _source 实现

3. reindex 时，直接基于 _source 实现，不需要从数据库（或者其他外部存储）查询数据再修改

4. 可以基于 _source 定制返回 field

5. debug query 更容易，因为可以直接看到 _source

如果不需要上述好处，可以禁用 _source

PUT /my_index{  "mappings": {    "my_type": {      "_source": {        "enable": false      }    }  }}

在查询的时候也可以只返回需要的字段：

GET /_search{  "query": { "match_all": {} }}
GET _search{  "query": { "match_all": {}  },  "_source": ["type", "updated_at"]}

In Elasticsearch, setting individual document fields to be stored is usually a false optimization. The whole document is already stored as the _source field.

Metadata: _all Field

Metadata all Field: a special field that indexes the values from all other fields as one big string. The query_string query clause (and searches performed as ?q=john) defaults to search in the _all field if no other field is specified.

将所有 field 打包在一起，作为一个_all field，建立索引。没指定任何 field 进行搜索时，就是使用 all field 在搜索。

_all 在新版本的 Elasticsearch 中似乎已经不再使用了。

Metadata: Document Identity 标识性 metadata

• _index: The string ID of the document, default indexed but not stored

• _type: The type name of the document, default neither indexed nor stored

• _id: The index where the document lives, default neither indexed nor stored

• _uid: The _type and _id concatenated together as type#id, default stored(can be retrieved) and indexed(searchable)

you can query the _id field as though it were a real field. Elasticsearch uses the _uid field to derive the _id