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【Flutter 专题】127 图解基础 Image 小组件

发布于: 2021 年 06 月 15 日
【Flutter 专题】127 图解基础 Image 小组件

    Image 图片作为日常中最常用的 Widget 却也是最容易忽略的,小菜在日常中通常仅用到 Image 展示图片属性,但是 Image 本身非常强大,有很多小菜所不熟知的属性特征;今天小菜重新认识一下 Image Widget

Image

    Image 作为支持展示多种图片格式的 Widget,提供了多种构造方法;


  • Image() 用于从 ImageProvider 中获取图片资源;

  • Image.asset() 用于从 AssetBundle 中获取工程目录图片资源;

  • Image.network() 用于从 URL 中获取网络图片资源;

  • Image.file() 用于从 File 中获取本地图片资源;

  • Image.memory() 用于从 Uint8List 中获取内存图片资源;


源码分析

const Image({    Key key,    @required this.image,       // 图片资源    this.frameBuilder,          // 帧构造器    this.loadingBuilder,        // 加载过程帧构造器    this.errorBuilder,          // 失败状态帧构造器    this.semanticLabel,    this.excludeFromSemantics = false,    this.width,                 // 图片宽    this.height,                // 图片高    this.color,                 // 图片颜色    this.colorBlendMode,        // 混合方式    this.fit,                   // 分布效果    this.alignment = Alignment.center,      // 对齐方式    this.repeat = ImageRepeat.noRepeat,     // 平铺效果    this.centerSlice,    this.matchTextDirection = false,    this.gaplessPlayback = false,    this.isAntiAlias = false,    this.filterQuality = FilterQuality.low,})
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    简单分析源码可得,Image 作为一个有状态的 StatefulWidget,主要通过 image 属性来设置图片资源,多种附加属性来支持图片更多样的展示效果;小菜逐一进行尝试学习;

案例尝试

1. image

    Image 通过 ImageProvider 来展示图片,Flutter 提供了多种方式,与各类命名构造方法对应;


_imageWid00(isNet) => Image(    image: isNet        ? NetworkImage('https://flutter.github.io/assets-for-api-docs/assets/widgets/owl.jpg')        : AssetImage('images/icon_hzw01.jpg'));
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2. frameBuilder

typedef ImageFrameBuilder = Widget Function(  BuildContext context,  Widget child,  int frame,  bool wasSynchronouslyLoaded,);
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    frameBuilder 帧构造器用于控制在 Image 构建时小部件签名,其中 child 用于保存默认 Image 图片并且不可为空;frame 为渲染 Image 帧数下标,默认为首帧;可以通过 frameBuilder 设置图片基本样式;


_imageWid01(isNet) {  return Image(      frameBuilder: (BuildContext context, Widget child, int frame, bool wasSynchronouslyLoaded) {        return Container(            padding: EdgeInsets.all(18.0),            color: Colors.deepOrange.withOpacity(0.4),            child: child);      },      image: isNet          ? NetworkImage('https://flutter.github.io/assets-for-api-docs/assets/widgets/owl.jpg')          : AssetImage('images/icon_hzw01.jpg'));}
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3. loadingBuilder

    loadingBuilder 加载状态帧构造器,在加载过程中展示的 Image 构造器;查看效果图可以看到,设置了两层内边距,因为在 loading 状态和加载完状态时都对 child 设置了内边距;


_imageWid02(isNet) {  return Image(      frameBuilder: (BuildContext context, Widget child, int frame, bool wasSynchronouslyLoaded) {        return Container(            padding: EdgeInsets.all(18.0),            color: Colors.deepOrange.withOpacity(0.4),            child: child);      },      loadingBuilder: (BuildContext context, Widget child, ImageChunkEvent loadingProgress) {        return Container(            padding: EdgeInsets.all(18.0),            color: Colors.green.withOpacity(0.4),            child: child);      },      image: isNet          ? NetworkImage('https://flutter.github.io/assets-for-api-docs/assets/widgets/owl.jpg')          : AssetImage('images/icon_hzw01.jpg'));}
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4. errorBuilder

    errorBuilder 为失败时替换 Image 展示的构造器;


_imageWid03(isNet) {  return Image(      frameBuilder: (BuildContext context, Widget child, int frame, bool wasSynchronouslyLoaded) {        return Container(            padding: EdgeInsets.all(18.0),            color: Colors.deepOrange.withOpacity(0.4),            child: child);      },      loadingBuilder: (BuildContext context, Widget child, ImageChunkEvent loadingProgress) {        return Container(            padding: EdgeInsets.all(18.0),            color: Colors.green.withOpacity(0.4),            child: child);      },      errorBuilder: (BuildContext context, Object exception, StackTrace stackTrace) {        return Container(            height: 100.0, padding: EdgeInsets.all(18.0),            color: Colors.grey.withOpacity(0.4),            child: Center(child: Icon(Icons.error)));      },      image: isNet          ? NetworkImage('https://flutter.github.io/assets-for-api-docs/assets/widgets/owl11.jpg')          : AssetImage('images/icon_hzw0111.jpg'));}
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5. width & height

    width & height 为设置图片展示宽高尺寸;


_imageWid05(width, height) => Image(image: AssetImage('images/icon_hzw01.jpg'), width: width, height: height);
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6. color & colorBlendMode

    color & colorBlendMode 配合使用绘制的混合模式,可以用来创建其他效果,如黑白模式,X 光特效等;之前小菜有所尝试;


_imageWid06(isNet, index) {  BlendMode blendMode;  if (index == 0) {    blendMode = BlendMode.difference;  } else if (index == 1) {    blendMode = BlendMode.screen;  } else if (index == 2) {    blendMode = BlendMode.hardLight;  } else {    blendMode = BlendMode.colorBurn;  }  return Image(      color: Colors.indigoAccent.withOpacity(0.4),      colorBlendMode: blendMode,      image: isNet          ? NetworkImage('https://flutter.github.io/assets-for-api-docs/assets/widgets/owl.jpg')          : AssetImage('images/icon_hzw01.jpg'));}
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7. alignment

    alignment 为边界内的对齐方式;当图片资源小于图片尺寸时,可以通过 Alignment 调整对齐方式;


_imageWid07(index) {  Alignment alignment;  if (index == 0) {    alignment = Alignment.topLeft;  } else if (index == 1) {    alignment = Alignment.center;  } else {    alignment = Alignment.bottomRight;  }  return Image(      image: AssetImage('images/icon_wechat_moments.png'),      alignment: alignment,      height: 120,      frameBuilder: (BuildContext context, Widget child, int frame, bool wasSynchronouslyLoaded) {        return Container(            padding: EdgeInsets.all(2.0),            color: Colors.deepOrange.withOpacity(0.4),            child: child);      });}
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8. repeat

    repeat 为覆盖图片未覆盖区域样式,包括水平方向或竖直方向平铺效果;


_imageWid08(index) {  ImageRepeat repeat;  if (index == 0) {    repeat = ImageRepeat.repeatX;  } else if (index == 1) {    repeat = ImageRepeat.repeatY;  } else {    repeat = ImageRepeat.repeat;  }  return Image(      image: AssetImage('images/icon_wechat_moments.png'),      repeat: repeat, height: 120,      frameBuilder: (BuildContext context, Widget child, int frame, bool wasSynchronouslyLoaded) {        return Container(            padding: EdgeInsets.all(18.0),            color: Colors.deepOrange.withOpacity(0.4),            child: child);      });}
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9. fit

    fit 为图片在布局中的分布效果;


  • BoxFit.fitWidth:整体图片资源以图片宽度为基准放大或缩小;

  • BoxFit.fitHeight:整体图片资源以图片高度为基准放大或缩小;

  • BoxFit.fill:整体图片填充满图片宽高,可进行拉伸或压缩等;

  • BoxFit.contain:整体图片按比例放大或缩小至最大宽或高可容纳范围,并在设置宽高内居中整体显示;

  • BoxFit.cover:整体图片按比例放大或缩小至最小宽或高可容纳范围,并居中显示;

  • BoxFit.scaleDown:整体图片大于设置尺寸,按比例缩小并居中显示;若整体图片小于设置尺寸,则不做处理,居中显示;


_imageWid09(index) {  BoxFit fit;  if (index == 0) {    fit = BoxFit.fitWidth;  } else if (index == 1) {    fit = BoxFit.fitHeight;  } else if (index == 2) {    fit = BoxFit.fill;  } else if (index == 3) {    fit = BoxFit.cover;  } else if (index == 4) {    fit = BoxFit.contain;  } else {    fit = BoxFit.scaleDown;  }  return Image(      image: AssetImage('images/icon_hzw03.jpg'),      fit: fit, height: 120,      frameBuilder: (BuildContext context, Widget child, int frame, bool wasSynchronouslyLoaded) {        return Container(            padding: EdgeInsets.all(2.0),            color: Colors.deepOrange.withOpacity(0.4),            child: child);      });}
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10. centerSlice

    centerSlice 用于设置一个矩形,类似于 .9.png 图一样,进行固定范围的拉伸;其中注意 fit 类型不可为 BoxFit.noneBoxFit.cover


_imageWid10(index) {  Rect rect;  if (index == 0) {    rect = null;  } else if (index == 1) {    rect = Rect.fromLTWH(100, 100, 50, 50);  } else if (index == 2) {    rect = Rect.fromLTWH(50, 50, 50, 50);  }  return Image(      fit: BoxFit.contain,      width: 250,      height: 250,      centerSlice: rect,      image: AssetImage('images/icon_music.png'));}
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    Image 案例源码



    小菜对 Image 的学习还仅限于基础应用,对于平时不常用的属性有了进一步了解,但对源码的学习还不够深入;如有错误,请多多指导!


来源: 阿策小和尚

发布于: 2021 年 06 月 15 日阅读数: 14
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【Flutter 专题】127 图解基础 Image 小组件